Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 3, sentence 15
If I may I shall tell ye that which ye should courteously have asked of this knight, who never yet was so hardly bestead by any man that he fell from his steed."
Who acts: I, knight, man · What happens: tell, ask, be, fall · To what, where: ye, steed · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, knight, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 6 tell | mark |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 tell | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 tell | aux |
| 4 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 tell | nsubj |
| 5 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 tell | aux |
| 6 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 6 tell | iobj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 asked | mark |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 asked | obj |
| 10 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 14 asked | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 asked | aux |
| 12 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 14 asked | advmod |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 asked | aux |
| 14 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 tell | advcl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 knight | case |
| 16 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 knight | det |
| 17 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 asked | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 bestead | punct |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 bestead | nsubj |
| 20 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 21 yet | advmod |
| 21 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 19 who | advmod |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 bestead | cop |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 bestead | advmod |
| 24 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 25 bestead | advmod |
| 25 | bestead | bestead | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 knight | acl:relcl |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 man | case |
| 27 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 28 man | det |
| 28 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bestead | obl |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 fell | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 fell | nsubj |
| 31 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 bestead | advcl |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 steed | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 steed | nmod:poss |
| 34 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 fell | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 tell | punct |
| 36 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | shall | I | ye | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ye=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | should · perfect · passive | ye | of this knight; which obj; courteously property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | this knight | by any man; bestead, hardly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fall | past | man | man's steed | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from steed=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/3/15/