Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 3, sentence 21
Sir Gawain hearkened, and smiled at the black knight's speech, and spake soothfastly: "Now tell me what ye will of Sir Agloval that ye thus seek him, and thereafter will I tell ye that which I know."
Who acts: Sir, ye, black knight · What happens: hearken, smile, tell, seek, know, speak · To what, where: speech, ye, Sir · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, ye, black knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 hearkened | nsubj |
| 2 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Sir | flat |
| 3 | hearkened | hearken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 smiled | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 smiled | cc |
| 6 | smiled | smile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 hearkened | conj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 speech | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 knight | det |
| 9 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 knight | amod |
| 10 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 speech | nmod:poss |
| 11 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 10 knight | case |
| 12 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 smiled | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 spake | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 spake | cc |
| 15 | spake | speak | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 hearkened | conj |
| 16 | soothfastly | soothfastly | ADV | _ | 15 spake | advmod |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 tell | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 tell | punct |
| 19 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 tell | advmod |
| 20 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 hearkened | parataxis |
| 21 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 tell | iobj |
| 22 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 31 seek | obj |
| 23 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 31 seek | nsubj |
| 24 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 seek | aux |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 Agloval | case |
| 26 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Agloval | nmod:desc |
| 27 | Agloval | Agloval | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 seek | obl |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 seek | nsubj |
| 29 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 31 seek | nsubj |
| 30 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 31 seek | advmod |
| 31 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 tell | conj |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 seek | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 tell | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 tell | cc |
| 35 | thereafter | thereafter | ADV | _ | 38 tell | advmod |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 tell | aux |
| 37 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 tell | nsubj |
| 38 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 tell | conj |
| 39 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 38 tell | iobj |
| 40 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 know | mark |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 know | obj |
| 42 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 know | nsubj |
| 43 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 tell | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 tell | punct |
| 45 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hearken | past | Sir | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | smile | past | Sir not said here | the black knight's speech | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert in a quote | infinitive | ye | now | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | seek in a quote | future | ye | Sir | of Agloval Sir; what obj; that nsubj; thus property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert in a quote | future | ye | ye | thereafter property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ye=Recipient | |||
| 6 | know in a quote | present | ye | which obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | speak | the black knight | nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/3/21/