Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 103
They came together so keenly that both spears brake, and the crash might be heard afar; they came together so swiftly that the knight was thrust from his saddle, and fell to the ground, and he fell so heavily that he felt the smart in every limb, and lay in anguish from the fall--so stayed he prone upon the ground.
Who acts: friends, spears, knight, crash · What happens: come together, break, hear, be, fall, feel · To what, where: crash, thrust, saddle, anguish, ground
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, spears, knight, crash), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | together | together | ADV | _ | 2 came | advmod |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 keenly | advmod |
| 5 | keenly | keenly | ADV | _ | 2 came | advmod |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 brake | mark |
| 7 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 spears | det |
| 8 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 brake | nsubj |
| 9 | brake | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 keenly | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 heard | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 heard | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 crash | det |
| 13 | crash | crash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 heard | nsubj |
| 14 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 heard | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 heard | aux:pass |
| 16 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 came | parataxis |
| 17 | afar | afar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 heard | obj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 came | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 came | nsubj |
| 20 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | parataxis |
| 21 | together | together | ADV | _ | 20 came | advmod |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 swiftly | advmod |
| 23 | swiftly | swiftly | ADV | _ | 20 came | advmod |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 thrust | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 knight | det |
| 26 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 thrust | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 thrust | cop |
| 28 | thrust | thrust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 came | advcl |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 saddle | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 saddle | nmod:poss |
| 31 | saddle | saddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 thrust | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fell | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 fell | cc |
| 34 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 came | parataxis |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 ground | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 ground | det |
| 37 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fell | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 fell | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 fell | cc |
| 40 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 fell | nsubj |
| 41 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 fell | conj |
| 42 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 heavily | advmod |
| 43 | heavily | heavily | ADV | _ | 41 fell | advmod |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 felt | mark |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 felt | nsubj |
| 46 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 fell | advcl |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 smart | det |
| 48 | smart | smart | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 felt | xcomp |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 51 limb | case |
| 50 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 51 limb | det |
| 51 | limb | limb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 felt | obl |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 lay | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 lay | cc |
| 54 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 came | conj |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 anguish | case |
| 56 | anguish | anguish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 lay | obl |
| 57 | from | from | ADP | _ | 59 fall | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 fall | det |
| 59 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 lay | obl |
| 60 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 62 stayed | punct |
| 61 | so | so | ADV | _ | 62 stayed | advmod |
| 62 | stayed | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 54 lay | advcl |
| 63 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 prone | nsubj |
| 64 | prone | prone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 stayed | obj |
| 65 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 67 ground | case |
| 66 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 ground | det |
| 67 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 stayed | obl |
| 68 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come together | past | friends = friend | keenly, together property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | break | present | both spears | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | hear | might · passive | the crash | afar obj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | come together | past | friends = friend | swiftly, together property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | the knight | thrust | knight's saddle | tree rules | |||
| 6 | fall | past | to the ground | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme | |||||
| 7 | fall | past | crash | heavily property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | feel | past | crash | in every limb; smart property | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in limb=Attribute | ||||
| 9 | lay | infinitive | friends = friend not said here | anguish | from the fall | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from fall=Material | |||
| 10 | stay | past | friends = friend not said here | the ground | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon ground=Location | ||||
| 11 | prone | crash | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/4/103/