Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 4, sentence 73
Then Sir Gawain marked well, and took heed, how on the further side, in a land of which he knew naught, there came a knight riding on a fair steed, and armed as if for combat.
Who acts: Sir, knight · What happens: mark, take, know, come, ride · To what, where: heed, land, naught, fair steed
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 marked | advmod |
| 2 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 marked | nsubj |
| 3 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Sir | flat |
| 4 | marked | mark | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 marked | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 took | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 took | cc |
| 8 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 marked | conj |
| 9 | heed | heed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 took | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 side | punct |
| 11 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 side | advmod |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 side | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 side | det |
| 14 | further | further | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 side | amod |
| 15 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heed | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 land | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 land | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 land | det |
| 19 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 took | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 which | case |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 knew | obl |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 knew | nsubj |
| 23 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 land | acl:relcl |
| 24 | naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 23 knew | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 came | punct |
| 26 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 27 came | expl |
| 27 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 took | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 knight | det |
| 29 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 came | nsubj |
| 30 | riding | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 knight | acl |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 steed | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 steed | det |
| 33 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 steed | amod |
| 34 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 riding | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 armed | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 armed | cc |
| 37 | armed | armed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 marked | conj |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 37 armed | advmod |
| 39 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 38 as | fixed |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 combat | case |
| 41 | combat | combat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 armed | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 marked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mark | past | Sir | then | well property | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | take | past | Sir not said here | heed and the further side | a land | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent heed=Value in land=Location | |||
| 3 | know | past | Sir | naught | of a land | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer naught=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | come | past | a knight | there | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | ride | gerund | a knight not said here | a fair steed | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/4/73/