Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 5, sentence 105
But Sir Gawain, who was there within, and knew well that he was guilty, saw that he might scarce escape either by will or by valour, since he had laid aside his weapons and stood all unarmed in his robes; thereof was he grieved at heart.
Who acts: Gawain · What happens: be, know, see, escape, lay, stand · To what, where: robes, Gawain, heart · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 saw | cc |
| 2 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 3 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 there | punct |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 there | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 there | cop |
| 7 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 Gawain | advmod |
| 8 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 there | case |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 knew | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 Gawain | acl:relcl |
| 12 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 knew | advmod |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 guilty | mark |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 guilty | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 guilty | cop |
| 16 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 knew | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Gawain | punct |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 escape | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 escape | nsubj |
| 21 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 escape | aux |
| 22 | scarce | scarce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 escape | amod |
| 23 | escape | escape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 saw | ccomp |
| 24 | either | either | ADV | PronType=Ind | 18 saw | advmod |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 will | case |
| 26 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 saw | ccomp |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 valour | cc |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 valour | case |
| 29 | valour | valour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 will | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 laid | punct |
| 31 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 34 laid | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 laid | nsubj |
| 33 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 laid | aux |
| 34 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 saw | parataxis |
| 35 | aside | aside | ADP | _ | 37 weapons | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 weapons | nmod:poss |
| 37 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 laid | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 stood | cc |
| 39 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 laid | conj |
| 40 | all | all | ADV | _ | 41 unarmed | advmod |
| 41 | unarmed | unarm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 stood | advcl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 robes | case |
| 43 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 robes | nmod:poss |
| 44 | robes | robe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 unarmed | obl |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 grieved | punct |
| 46 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 49 grieved | advmod |
| 47 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 grieved | aux:pass |
| 48 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 grieved | nsubj |
| 49 | grieved | grieve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 saw | conj |
| 50 | at | at | ADP | _ | 51 heart | case |
| 51 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 grieved | obl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Gawain Sir | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | Gawain Sir not said here | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Gawain | guilty property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | see | past | Gawain Sir | either property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | escape | might | Gawain | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | lay | past · perfect | Gawain | aside Gawain's weapons | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | stand | past | Gawain not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | unarm | participle | Gawain not said here | Gawain's robes | all property | tree rules | |||
| 9 | grieve | past · passive | Gawain | heart | thereof property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/5/105/