Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 5, sentence 47
His friends and kinsmen had beheld from afar and came therewith, sore distressed and very wrath when they saw their lord thus lying dead upon the field.
Who acts: friends, lord · What happens: behold, come, distress, see, lie · To what, where: afar, sore distressed wrath, lord, field
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friends, lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 friends | nmod:poss |
| 2 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 beheld | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 kinsmen | cc |
| 4 | kinsmen | kinsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 friends | conj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 beheld | aux |
| 6 | beheld | behold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 afar | case |
| 8 | afar | afar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 beheld | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 came | cc |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 beheld | conj |
| 11 | therewith | therewith | ADV | _ | 10 came | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 wrath | punct |
| 13 | sore | sore | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 wrath | amod |
| 14 | distressed | distress | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 wrath | amod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 wrath | cc |
| 16 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 wrath | advmod |
| 17 | wrath | wrath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 saw | advmod |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 wrath | acl:relcl |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 lord | nmod:poss |
| 22 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obj |
| 23 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 24 lying | advmod |
| 24 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 saw | xcomp |
| 25 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 lying | xcomp |
| 26 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 28 field | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 field | det |
| 28 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lying | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 beheld | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | behold | past · perfect | Gawain's friends and kinsmen | afar | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | come | past | Gawain's friends and kinsmen not said here | sore distressed wrath | therewith property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | distress | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | see | past | friends = friend | friends's lord | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | lie | gerund | friends's lord not said here | the field | dead, thus property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon field=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/5/47/