Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 6, sentence 102
But of those things which had stood him in good stead many a time before, when he was hard beset, his good steed, and his sword, the which was a very haven, of these was he now robbed.
Who acts: Gawain, hard beset · What happens: stand, be · To what, where: Gawain, good stead, hard beset, haven
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, hard beset), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 stood | cc |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 things | case |
| 3 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 things | det |
| 4 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 stood | obl |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 stood | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 stood | aux |
| 7 | stood | stand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 stood | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 stead | case |
| 10 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 stead | amod |
| 11 | stead | stead | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stood | obl |
| 12 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 time | amod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 time | det |
| 14 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stood | obl:unmarked |
| 15 | before | before | ADV | _ | 7 stood | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 beset | punct |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 beset | advmod |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 beset | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 beset | cop |
| 20 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 beset | amod |
| 21 | beset | beset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stood | parataxis |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 steed | punct |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 steed | nmod:poss |
| 24 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 steed | amod |
| 25 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beset | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sword | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 sword | cc |
| 28 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 sword | nmod:poss |
| 29 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beset | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 haven | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 haven | det |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 haven | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 haven | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 haven | det |
| 35 | very | very | ADV | _ | 36 haven | advmod |
| 36 | haven | haven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beset | conj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 these | punct |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 these | case |
| 39 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 stood | parataxis |
| 40 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 robbed | cop |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 robbed | nsubj |
| 42 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 43 robbed | advmod |
| 43 | robbed | rob | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 these | acl:relcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past · perfect · passive | Gawain | good stead | time | of that things; which nsubj:pass; before property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme he=Destination | ||
| 2 | is a | past | Gawain | hard beset and Gawain's good steed and Gawain's sword and the haven | Gawain's good steed conj; Gawain's sword conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | past | hard beset and Gawain's good steed and Gawain's sword and the haven | the haven | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Gawain | now | rob property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/6/102/