Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 6, sentence 22
Sir Gawain thought within himself he was sorely over-matched within those (to be bare of weapons 'tis a heavy blow at need), and he knew well that the folk looked on him with unfriendly eyes, and that none were on his side, that might be seen from their mien; and therefore he thought within himself that there was no better counsel save to put himself in his host's grace, and do that which he bade him.
Who acts: Sir, folk, none, better counsel, that · What happens: think, over-match, be, know, look, see · To what, where: Sir, side, that, mien, folk, grace · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, folk, none, better counsel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Sir | flat |
| 3 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | within | within | ADP | _ | 5 himself | case |
| 5 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 3 thought | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 over-matched | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 over-matched | aux:pass |
| 8 | sorely | sorely | ADV | _ | 9 over-matched | advmod |
| 9 | over-matched | over-match | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 thought | ccomp |
| 10 | within | within | ADP | _ | 11 those | case |
| 11 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 9 over-matched | obl |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 bare | punct |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 bare | mark |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 15 bare | cop |
| 15 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 over-matched | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 tis | case |
| 17 | weapons | weapon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 tis | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 17 weapons | case |
| 19 | tis | tis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bare | obl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 blow | det |
| 21 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 blow | amod |
| 22 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tis | appos |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 need | case |
| 24 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 blow | nmod |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 blow | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 knew | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 knew | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 knew | nsubj |
| 29 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thought | parataxis |
| 30 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 knew | advmod |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 looked | mark |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 folk | det |
| 33 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 looked | nsubj |
| 34 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 knew | advcl |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 him | case |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 looked | obl |
| 37 | with | with | ADP | _ | 39 eyes | case |
| 38 | unfriendly | unfriendly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 eyes | amod |
| 39 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 looked | obl |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 seen | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 seen | cc |
| 42 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 side | mark |
| 43 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 47 side | nsubj |
| 44 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 side | cop |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 side | case |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 side | nmod:poss |
| 47 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 seen | advcl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 side | punct |
| 49 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 52 seen | nsubj |
| 50 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 52 seen | aux |
| 51 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 52 seen | aux:pass |
| 52 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 thought | conj |
| 53 | from | from | ADP | _ | 55 mien | case |
| 54 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 55 mien | nmod:poss |
| 55 | mien | mien | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 seen | obl |
| 56 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 60 thought | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 thought | cc |
| 58 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 60 thought | advmod |
| 59 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 60 thought | nsubj |
| 60 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 save | advcl |
| 61 | within | within | ADP | _ | 62 himself | case |
| 62 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 60 thought | obl |
| 63 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 65 was | mark |
| 64 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 65 was | expl |
| 65 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 69 save | cop |
| 66 | no | no | ADV | _ | 67 better | advmod |
| 67 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 68 counsel | amod |
| 68 | counsel | counsel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 save | nsubj |
| 69 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 thought | ccomp |
| 70 | to | to | PART | _ | 71 put | mark |
| 71 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 save | xcomp |
| 72 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 71 put | obj |
| 73 | in | in | ADP | _ | 77 grace | case |
| 74 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 75 host | nmod:poss |
| 75 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 grace | nmod:poss |
| 76 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 75 host | case |
| 77 | grace | grace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 put | obl |
| 78 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 80 do | punct |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 80 do | cc |
| 80 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 save | conj |
| 81 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 84 bade | nsubj |
| 82 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 84 bade | nsubj |
| 83 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 84 bade | nsubj |
| 84 | bade | bade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 80 do | ccomp |
| 85 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 84 bade | obj |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | Sir | within Sir | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | over-match | past · passive | Sir | within those; sorely property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | to-infinitive | of weapons's tis; bare property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | know | past | Sir | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | look | past | the folk | on Sir; with unfriendly eyes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on he=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is | past | none | Sir's side | Sir nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 7 | see | might · passive | that | eyes's mien | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | think speech: other | past | folk | within Sir; therefore property | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | is | past | better counsel | save property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | put | to-infinitive | better counsel not said here | folk | Sir's host's grace | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent himself=Theme in grace=Destination | |||
| 11 | do | infinitive | better counsel not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 12 | bade | past | that | folk | which nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/6/22/