Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 6, sentence 61
He stole from Sir Gawain his good sword, that which he placed in its sheath was not worth twopence; he cut the straps of the harness well nigh in twain in the midst, and made a great score in the stirrup leathers so cunningly that no man might see or know aught thereof beneath the covering of the harness.
Who acts: seneschal, sheath, man · What happens: steal, place, not be, cut, make, be · To what, where: good sword, worth twopence, straps, twain, great score, stirrup
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (seneschal, sheath, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 stole | nsubj |
| 2 | stole | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Sir | case |
| 4 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 stole | obl |
| 5 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Sir | flat |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 sword | nmod:poss |
| 7 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sword | amod |
| 8 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 stole | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 placed | punct |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 which | mark |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 placed | nsubj |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 placed | nsubj |
| 13 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 stole | conj |
| 14 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 19 worth | mark |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 sheath | nmod:poss |
| 16 | sheath | sheath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 worth | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 worth | cop |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 worth | advmod |
| 19 | worth | worth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 twopence | amod |
| 20 | twopence | twopence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 placed | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 cut | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 cut | nsubj |
| 23 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 cunningly | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 straps | det |
| 25 | straps | strap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 cut | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 harness | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 harness | det |
| 28 | harness | harness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 straps | nmod |
| 29 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 nigh | advmod |
| 30 | nigh | nigh | ADV | _ | 32 twain | advmod |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 twain | case |
| 32 | twain | twain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cut | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 midst | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 midst | det |
| 35 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 twain | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 made | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 made | cc |
| 38 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 cut | conj |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 score | det |
| 40 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 score | amod |
| 41 | score | score | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 made | obj |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 stirrup | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 stirrup | det |
| 44 | stirrup | stirrup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 made | obl |
| 45 | leathers | leather | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 cunningly | cop |
| 46 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 cunningly | advmod |
| 47 | cunningly | cunningly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 stole | parataxis |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 52 see | mark |
| 49 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 50 man | det |
| 50 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 see | nsubj |
| 51 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 52 see | aux |
| 52 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 cunningly | advcl |
| 53 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 54 know | cc |
| 54 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 see | conj |
| 55 | aught | aught | PRON | PronType=Ind | 54 know | obj |
| 56 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 54 know | advmod |
| 57 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 59 covering | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 covering | det |
| 59 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 know | obl |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 harness | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 harness | det |
| 62 | harness | harness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 covering | nmod |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stole | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | steal | past | seneschal | seneschal's good sword | from Sir | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sword=Theme from sir=Source | |||
| 2 | place | past | worth twopence | which nsubj; seneschal nsubj | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent twopence=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not is | past | sword's sheath | worth property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | cut | past | seneschal | the straps of the harness | twain in the midst | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strap=Product | |||
| 5 | make | past | seneschal not said here | a great score | the stirrup | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset score=Product | |||
| 6 | is | present | cunningly property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | see | might | no man | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 8 | know | infinitive | no man not said here | aught | beneath the covering of the harness; thereof property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer aught=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/6/61/