Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 6, sentence 84
Sir Gawain, who knew naught of these tricks and snares rode on his way, discoursing of many things with his host, until they drew nigh to the place where his foes lay, ambushed in the thicket, who would fain slay him.
Who acts: Gawain, fear, foes, thicket · What happens: know, ride, discourse, draw, lie, ambush · To what, where: naught, way, place, thicket, Gawain
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, fear, foes, thicket), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 rode | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 knew | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 knew | nsubj |
| 5 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Gawain | acl:relcl |
| 6 | naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 5 knew | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 tricks | case |
| 8 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 9 tricks | det |
| 9 | tricks | trick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 naught | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 snares | cc |
| 11 | snares | snare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 tricks | conj |
| 12 | rode | ride | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 way | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 way | nmod:poss |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 rode | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 discoursing | punct |
| 17 | discoursing | discourse | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 rode | advcl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 things | case |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 things | amod |
| 20 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 discoursing | obl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 host | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 host | nmod:poss |
| 23 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 discoursing | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 drew | punct |
| 25 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 27 drew | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 drew | nsubj |
| 27 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 rode | parataxis |
| 28 | nigh | nigh | ADV | _ | 27 drew | advmod |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 place | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 place | det |
| 31 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 drew | obl |
| 32 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 35 lay | advmod |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 foes | nmod:poss |
| 34 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 lay | nsubj |
| 35 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 place | acl:relcl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 ambushed | punct |
| 37 | ambushed | ambush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 drew | conj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 thicket | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 thicket | det |
| 40 | thicket | thicket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ambushed | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 fain | punct |
| 42 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 fain | nsubj |
| 43 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 fain | aux |
| 44 | fain | fain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 thicket | acl:relcl |
| 45 | slay | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 fain | xcomp |
| 46 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 slay | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 rode | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Gawain Sir | naught of this tricks and snares | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer naught=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | ride | past | Gawain Sir | Gawain's way | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | discourse | gerund | Gawain Sir not said here | of many things; with Gawain's host | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | draw | past | fear | the place | nigh property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to place=Destination | |||
| 5 | lie | past | Gawain's foes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | ambush | participle | fear not said here | the thicket | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | fain | would | the thicket | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | slay | infinitive | the thicket not said here | Gawain | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/6/84/