Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 7, sentence 63
Thus were they put to rout, and either slain or driven from the field, or helpless of limb; some who came thither ahorse had lost their steeds, and must rue their journey.
Who acts: arm, some · What happens: be, rout, drive, come, lose, rue · To what, where: slain, field, steeds, journey
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arm, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 4 put | advmod |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 put | cop |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 put | nsubj |
| 4 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 rout | mark |
| 6 | rout | rout | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 put | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 slain | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 slain | cc |
| 9 | either | either | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 slain | det |
| 10 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 put | obl |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 driven | cc |
| 12 | driven | drive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 slain | acl |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 field | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 field | det |
| 15 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 driven | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 helpless | punct |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 helpless | cc |
| 18 | helpless | helpless | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 field | appos |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 limb | case |
| 20 | limb | limb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 helpless | nmod |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 came | punct |
| 22 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 came | nsubj |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 came | nsubj |
| 24 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 put | conj |
| 25 | thither | thither | ADV | _ | 26 ahorse | advmod |
| 26 | ahorse | ahorse | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 came | xcomp |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 lost | aux |
| 28 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 ahorse | conj |
| 29 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 steeds | nmod:poss |
| 30 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 lost | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 rue | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 rue | cc |
| 33 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 rue | aux |
| 34 | rue | rue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 came | conj |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 journey | nmod:poss |
| 36 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 rue | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | arm | either slain obl; put, thus property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | rout | to-infinitive | arm not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | drive | participle | either slain not said here | the field | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from field=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | come | past | some | who nsubj; ahorse property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | lose | past · perfect | some not said here | arm's steeds | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steed=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | rue | must | some not said here | arm's journey | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer journey=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | journey | arm | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/7/63/