Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 8, sentence 16
But ill had it chanced with him; within the castle had they stolen from him his good sword wherewith he should defend himself.
Who acts: ill, plight, wheat, speed · What happens: have, chance, steal, defend · To what, where: plight, good sword, speed
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ill, plight, wheat, speed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 had | cc |
| 2 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | obj |
| 5 | chanced | chance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 chanced | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 had | punct |
| 9 | within | within | ADP | _ | 11 castle | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 castle | det |
| 11 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 had | obl |
| 12 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | conj |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 stolen | nsubj |
| 14 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 had | xcomp |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 him | case |
| 16 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 stolen | obl |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 sword | nmod:poss |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 sword | amod |
| 19 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stolen | obl |
| 20 | wherewith | wherewith | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 defend | advmod |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 defend | nsubj |
| 22 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 defend | aux |
| 23 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 stolen | advcl |
| 24 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 23 defend | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | ill | plight | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | chance | participle | plight not said here | with speed | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | have | past | ill not said here | within the castle | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | steal | participle | wheat | speed's good sword | from speed | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | defend | should | speed | speed | wherewith property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/8/16/