Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 9, sentence 38
Sir Gariët gave him his sword, which was good and bright; then took they leave, each of the other, for Sir Gawain would not return ere he had spoken with Sir Lancelot, saying that the good fellowship betwixt them twain should not be broken by his default; but that he would bring him again to the court of King Arthur, and keep his covenant.
Who acts: Sir, sword, hill, Gawain, default · What happens: give, be, take, leave, not return, speak · To what, where: sword, Gawain, each, ere, good fellowship, court · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir, sword, hill, Gawain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | Gariët | Gariët | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Sir | flat |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 gave | iobj |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 sword | nmod:poss |
| 6 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 good | punct |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 good | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 good | cop |
| 10 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sword | acl:relcl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 bright | cc |
| 12 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 good | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 took | punct |
| 14 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 took | advmod |
| 15 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 gave | conj |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 leave | nsubj |
| 17 | leave | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 took | ccomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 each | punct |
| 19 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 took | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 other | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 other | det |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 each | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 return | punct |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 29 return | mark |
| 25 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Gawain | nmod:desc |
| 26 | Gawain | Gawain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 return | nsubj |
| 27 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 return | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 return | advmod |
| 29 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 took | parataxis |
| 30 | ere | ere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 return | obj |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 spoken | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 spoken | aux |
| 33 | spoken | speak | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 ere | acl:relcl |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 Sir | case |
| 35 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 spoken | obl |
| 36 | Lancelot | Lancelot | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Sir | flat |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 saying | punct |
| 38 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 return | advcl |
| 39 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 49 broken | mark |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 fellowship | det |
| 41 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 fellowship | amod |
| 42 | fellowship | fellowship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | betwixt | betwixt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 fellowship | amod |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 fellowship | obj |
| 45 | twain | twain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 fellowship | conj |
| 46 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 49 broken | aux |
| 47 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 49 broken | advmod |
| 48 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 49 broken | aux:pass |
| 49 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 saying | ccomp |
| 50 | by | by | ADP | _ | 52 default | case |
| 51 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 52 default | nmod:poss |
| 52 | default | default | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 broken | obl |
| 53 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 bring | punct |
| 54 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 58 bring | cc |
| 55 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 58 bring | mark |
| 56 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 bring | nsubj |
| 57 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 bring | aux |
| 58 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 gave | advcl |
| 59 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 bring | obj |
| 60 | again | again | ADV | _ | 58 bring | advmod |
| 61 | to | to | ADP | _ | 63 court | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 court | det |
| 63 | court | court | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 bring | obl |
| 64 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 Arthur | case |
| 65 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 66 Arthur | compound |
| 66 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 court | nmod |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 keep | punct |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 keep | cc |
| 69 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 58 bring | conj |
| 70 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 71 covenant | nmod:poss |
| 71 | covenant | covenant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 keep | obj |
| 72 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | Sir | Sir's sword | Gawain | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient sword=Theme | |||
| 2 | is | past | Sir's sword | good property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | Sir's sword not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | take | past | Sir not said here | each of the other | then | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | |||
| 5 | leave | present | hill | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | not return | would | Gawain Sir | ere | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ere=Theme | ||||
| 7 | speak speech: other | past · perfect | Gawain | ere not said here | with Sir | tree rules | |||
| 8 | say speech: assert | gerund | Gawain Sir not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 9 | not break | should · passive | Sir's default | the good fellowship hill and twain | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | ||||
| 10 | bring | would | Sir | Gawain | the court of King Arthur | again | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to court=Destination | ||
| 11 | keep | infinitive | Sir not said here | Sir's covenant | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Theme | ||||
| 12 | default | Sir | nom default «act intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 13 | covenant | Sir | nom covenant «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/9/38/