Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch, Opening, part 9, sentence 88
The boatman said: "'Tis not long since that they were even in my boat; the one knight ware red armour and had with him a red steed, and the other was wounded and bare King Arthur's badge; and I know full well," quoth the boatman, "the knights who bear that badge, by that same token shall ye yourself be one of King Arthur's knights.
Who acts: boatman, knights, one knight, other, I, same token · What happens: say, be, ware, have, know, quoth · To what, where: boat, red armour, red steed, boatman, badge · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boatman, knights, one knight, other), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 boatman | det |
| 2 | boatman | boatman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 long | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 long | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 long | punct |
| 7 | Tis | Tis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 long | nsubj |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 long | advmod |
| 9 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 boat | advmod |
| 10 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 17 boat | mark |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 boat | mark |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 boat | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 boat | cop |
| 14 | even | even | ADV | _ | 17 boat | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 boat | case |
| 16 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 boat | nmod:poss |
| 17 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 ware | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 knight | det |
| 20 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 knight | nummod |
| 21 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ware | nsubj |
| 22 | ware | ware | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | conj |
| 23 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 armour | amod |
| 24 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 ware | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 had | cc |
| 26 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 27 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 him | case |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 had | obl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 steed | det |
| 30 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 steed | amod |
| 31 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 had | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 wounded | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 wounded | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 other | det |
| 35 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 wounded | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 wounded | cop |
| 37 | wounded | wounded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 had | parataxis |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 bare | cc |
| 39 | bare | bare | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 wounded | conj |
| 40 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Arthur | compound |
| 41 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 badge | nmod:poss |
| 42 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 41 Arthur | case |
| 43 | badge | badge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 wounded | conj |
| 44 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 know | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 know | cc |
| 46 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 know | nsubj |
| 47 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 48 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 know | xcomp |
| 49 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 47 know | advmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 quoth | punct |
| 51 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 quoth | punct |
| 52 | quoth | quoth | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 47 know | conj |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 boatman | det |
| 54 | boatman | boatman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 quoth | obj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 knights | punct |
| 56 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 58 knights | punct |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 knights | det |
| 58 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 boatman | appos |
| 59 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 60 bear | nsubj |
| 60 | bear | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 58 knights | acl:relcl |
| 61 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 62 badge | det |
| 62 | badge | badge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 bear | obj |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 one | punct |
| 64 | by | by | ADP | _ | 72 one | case |
| 65 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 67 token | det |
| 66 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 67 token | amod |
| 67 | token | token | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 one | nsubj |
| 68 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 72 one | aux |
| 69 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 72 one | nsubj |
| 70 | yourself | yourself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 69 ye | nmod |
| 71 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 72 one | cop |
| 72 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 52 quoth | obl |
| 73 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 knights | case |
| 74 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 Arthur | compound |
| 75 | Arthur | Arthur | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 knights | nmod:poss |
| 76 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 75 Arthur | case |
| 77 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 one | nmod |
| 78 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the boatman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | past | knights = knight | my boat | my nmod:poss; long property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | ware in a quote | infinitive | the one knight | red armour | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | have in a quote | past | the boatman not said here | a red steed | with Tis | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steed=Patient | |||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | the other | King Arthur's badge conj; wounded property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | be in a quote | the other not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 7 | know in a quote | present | the boatman = boatman | full, well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | quoth | infinitive | I not said here | the boatman | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | bear in a quote | present | the knights | that badge | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badge=Patient | ||||
| 10 | is in a quote | shall | that same token | by one; of King Arthur's knights; ye yourself nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | badge in a quote | King Arthur | nom badge «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Morien: A Metrical Romance Rendered into English Prose from the Mediæval Dutch» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 8447 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg8447/9/88/