The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 59
“When I was alive and had a human heart,” answered the statue, “I did not know what tears were, for I lived in the Palace of Sans-Souci, where sorrow is not allowed to enter.
Who acts: statue, tears, sorrow · What happens: be, have, answer, not know, live, not allow · To what, where: human heart, Palace, sorrow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (statue, tears, sorrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 answered | punct |
| 2 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 alive | mark |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 alive | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 alive | cop |
| 5 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 answered | advcl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 had | cc |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 alive | conj |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 heart | det |
| 9 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 heart | amod |
| 10 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 alive | punct |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 alive | punct |
| 13 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 statue | det |
| 15 | statue | statue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 answered | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 know | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 know | punct |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 know | nsubj |
| 19 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 know | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 know | advmod |
| 21 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 answered | conj |
| 22 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 21 know | ccomp |
| 23 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 what | nsubj |
| 24 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 tears | acl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 lived | punct |
| 26 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 28 lived | mark |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 lived | nsubj |
| 28 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 were | advcl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 Palace | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Palace | det |
| 31 | Palace | Palace | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 lived | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Sans | case |
| 33 | Sans | Sans | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Palace | nmod |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 Souci | punct |
| 35 | Souci | Souci | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Sans | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 allowed | punct |
| 37 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 41 allowed | advmod |
| 38 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 allowed | aux:pass |
| 40 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 41 allowed | advmod |
| 41 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 Palace | acl:relcl |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 enter | mark |
| 43 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 allowed | xcomp |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | past | the statue = statue | alive property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have in a quote | past | the statue = statue not said here | a human heart | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | ||||
| 3 | answer speech: assert | past | the statue | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | not know in a quote | past · do-support | the statue = statue | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | be in a quote | past | tears not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | live in a quote | past | the statue = statue | the Palace of Sans and Souci | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location | ||||
| 7 | not allow in a quote | present · passive | sorrow | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | enter not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | sorrow not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/1/59/