The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 2, sentence 124

The Student looked up from the grass, and listened, but he could not understand what the Nightingale was saying to him, for he only knew the things that are written down in books.

Who acts: Student, Nightingale · What happens: look up, listen, not understand, say, know, write down · To what, where: Student, things, books · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Student, Nightingale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Student	det
2	Student	Student	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 looked	nsubj
3	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 looked	compound:prt
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 grass	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 grass	det
7	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 looked	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 listened	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 listened	cc
10	listened	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 looked	parataxis
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 understand	punct
12	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 understand	cc
13	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 understand	nsubj
14	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 understand	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 understand	advmod
16	understand	understand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 listened	parataxis
17	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 saying	obj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Nightingale	det
19	Nightingale	Nightingale	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 saying	nsubj
20	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 saying	aux
21	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 understand	ccomp
22	to	to	ADP	_	23 him	case
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 saying	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 knew	punct
25	for	for	SCONJ	_	28 knew	mark
26	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 knew	nsubj
27	only	only	ADV	_	28 knew	advmod
28	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 saying	conj
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 things	det
30	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 knew	obj
31	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	33 written	nsubj:pass
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 written	aux:pass
33	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	30 things	acl:relcl
34	down	down	ADP	_	33 written	compound:prt
35	in	in	ADP	_	36 books	case
36	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 written	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 looked	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	look up	past	the Student				from the grass	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from grass=Theme
2	listen	past						vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	not understand	could	Student					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4	say speech: assert	past · progressive	the Nightingale		Student			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Topic to he=Recipient
5	know	past	Student	the things				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus
6	write down	present · passive		the things		books		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in book=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg902/2/124/