Tanglewood Tales, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 1, sentence 104

The trees and bushes that grew in the crevices of the rocks had very dismal foliage; and by and by, although it was hardly noon, the air became obscured with a gray twilight.

Who acts: trees, foliage · What happens: grow, have, be, obscure · To what, where: crevices, dismal foliage, air

This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, foliage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 trees	det
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grew	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 bushes	cc
4	bushes	bush	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 trees	conj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 grew	nsubj
6	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 crevices	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 crevices	det
9	crevices	crevice	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grew	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 rocks	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 rocks	det
12	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 crevices	nmod
13	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 rocks	conj
14	very	very	ADV	_	15 dismal	advmod
15	dismal	dismal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 foliage	amod
16	foliage	foliage	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 had	obj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 obscured	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 obscured	cc
19	by	by	ADP	_	27 noon	case
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 by	cc
21	by	by	ADP	_	19 by	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 noon	punct
23	although	although	SCONJ	_	27 noon	mark
24	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 noon	nsubj
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 noon	cop
26	hardly	hardly	ADV	_	27 noon	advmod
27	noon	noon	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 obscured	obl
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 noon	punct
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 air	det
30	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 obscured	nsubj:pass
31	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 obscured	aux:pass
32	obscured	obscure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 grew	conj
33	with	with	ADP	_	36 twilight	case
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 twilight	det
35	gray	gray	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 twilight	amod
36	twilight	twilight	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 obscured	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 grew	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	the trees and bushes		the crevices of the rocks			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in crevice=Location
2	have	past	the trees and bushes not said here	dismal foliage				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foliage=Patient
3	is	past	foliage			by noon	hardly property	tree rules
4	obscure	past · passive		the air			with a gray twilight	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with twilight=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/20/104/