Estonia, sentence 24
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Its people, who were hunters and gatherers, lived near bodies of water.
Who acts: people · What happens: be, live · To what, where: hunters, bodies
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 people | nmod:poss |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 hunters | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 hunters | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 hunters | cop |
| 6 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 people | appos |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 gatherers | cc |
| 8 | gatherers | gatherer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 people | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 people | punct |
| 10 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | near | near | ADP | _ | 12 bodies | case |
| 12 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lived | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 water | case |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bodies | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | culture's people and gatherers | hunters | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | past | culture's people and gatherers | bodies of water | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near body=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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