Abkhazia, sentence 318

From Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The strong reliance on Russian financial assistance has created a form of "rent addiction", as largely unconditional aid has fostered expectations of continued external support among both regional authorities and residents, reducing incentives for economic self-sufficiency, with authorities relying on external financing for public functions and citizens benefiting from Russian pensions and other social payments that exceed the levels that the budget of Abkhazia could provide.

Who acts: authorities, public functions, other social payments, budget, Abkhazia · What happens: create, foster, continue, reduce, rely, benefit · To what, where: strong reliance, unconditional aid, incentives, Russian pensions, levels, rent addiction

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (authorities, public functions, other social payments, budget), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reliance	det
2	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reliance	amod
3	reliance	reliance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 created	nsubj:pass
4	on	on	ADP	_	7 assistance	case
5	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 assistance	amod
6	financial	financial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 assistance	amod
7	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reliance	nmod
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 created	aux
9	created	create	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 form	det
11	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 created	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 addiction	case
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 addiction	punct
14	rent	rent	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 addiction	compound
15	addiction	addiction	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 form	nmod
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 addiction	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 fostered	punct
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	23 fostered	mark
19	largely	largely	ADV	_	20 unconditional	advmod
20	unconditional	unconditional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 aid	amod
21	aid	aid	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 fostered	nsubj:pass
22	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 fostered	aux
23	fostered	foster	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 created	conj
24	expectations	expectation	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 fostered	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	28 support	case
26	continued	continue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 support	amod
27	external	external	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 support	amod
28	support	support	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 expectations	nmod
29	among	among	ADP	_	32 authorities	case
30	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	32 authorities	det
31	regional	regional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 authorities	amod
32	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 fostered	obl
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 residents	cc
34	residents	resident	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 authorities	conj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 reducing	punct
36	reducing	reduce	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 created	advcl
37	incentives	incentive	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 reducing	obj
38	for	for	ADP	_	42 sufficiency	case
39	economic	economic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 sufficiency	amod
40	self	self	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 sufficiency	compound
41	-	-	PUNCT	_	40 self	punct
42	sufficiency	sufficiency	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 reducing	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	45 authorities	punct
44	with	with	ADP	_	45 authorities	case
45	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 created	conj
46	relying	rely	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	45 authorities	acl
47	on	on	ADP	_	49 financing	case
48	external	external	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 financing	amod
49	financing	financing	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 relying	obl
50	for	for	ADP	_	52 functions	case
51	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 functions	amod
52	functions	function	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 relying	obl
53	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 citizens	cc
54	citizens	citizen	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 functions	conj
55	benefiting	benefit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	52 functions	acl
56	from	from	ADP	_	58 pensions	case
57	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 pensions	amod
58	pensions	pension	NOUN	Number=Plur	55 benefiting	obl
59	and	and	CCONJ	_	62 payments	cc
60	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 payments	amod
61	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 payments	amod
62	payments	payment	NOUN	Number=Plur	58 pensions	conj
63	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	64 exceed	nsubj
64	exceed	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	62 payments	acl:relcl
65	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	66 levels	det
66	levels	level	NOUN	Number=Plur	64 exceed	obj
67	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	73 provide	obj
68	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	69 budget	det
69	budget	budget	NOUN	Number=Sing	73 provide	nsubj
70	of	of	ADP	_	71 Abkhazia	case
71	Abkhazia	Abkhazia	PROPN	Number=Sing	69 budget	nmod
72	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	73 provide	aux
73	provide	provide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	66 levels	acl:relcl
74	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 created	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	create	present · perfect · passive		the strong reliance on Russian financial assistance		a form of rent addiction obj; authorities conj	tree rules
2	foster	present · perfect · passive		unconditional aid		among both regional authorities and residents; expectations of continued external support obj	tree rules
3	continue	participle					vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	reduce	gerund		incentives		for economic self sufficiency	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer incentive=Patient
5	rely	gerund	authorities not said here			for public functions and citizens; on external financing	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on financing=Theme
6	benefit	gerund	public functions and citizens not said here		Russian pensions and other social payments		vn benefit-72.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Beneficiary from pension=Causer
7	exceed	present	other social payments	the levels			vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot level=Theme
8	provide	could	the budget of Abkhazia	the levels			vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition that=Theme
9	form			rent addiction			nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient
10	expect			continued external support			nom expectation «cognition transitive»: of=patient
11	budget		Abkhazia				nom budget «possession intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/318/

🌲 Abkhazia, sentence 318

The tree

Pragmatics

Abkhazia, sentence 318