Abkhazia, sentence 334
From Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Russia has issued passports to the citizens of Abkhazia since 2000 (as Abkhazian passports cannot be used for international travel) and subsequently paid them retirement pensions and other monetary benefits.
What happens: issue, not use, pay · To what, where: Russia, Abkhazian passports
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 issued | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 issued | aux |
| 3 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | passports | passport | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 issued | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 citizens | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 citizens | det |
| 7 | citizens | citizen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 issued | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Abkhazia | case |
| 9 | Abkhazia | Abkhazia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 citizens | nmod |
| 10 | since | since | ADP | _ | 11 2000 | case |
| 11 | 2000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 issued | obl |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 used | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 used | mark |
| 14 | Abkhazian | abkhazian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 passports | amod |
| 15 | passports | passport | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 used | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 used | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 used | advmod |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 used | aux:pass |
| 19 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 issued | advcl |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 travel | case |
| 21 | international | international | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 travel | amod |
| 22 | travel | travel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 used | obl |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 used | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 paid | cc |
| 25 | subsequently | subsequently | ADV | _ | 26 paid | advmod |
| 26 | paid | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 issued | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 paid | obj |
| 28 | retirement | retirement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 pensions | compound |
| 29 | pensions | pension | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 paid | obj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 benefits | cc |
| 31 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 benefits | amod |
| 32 | monetary | monetary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 benefits | amod |
| 33 | benefits | benefit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 pensions | conj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 issued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | issue | present · perfect · passive | Russia | since 2000 | to the citizens of Abkhazia; passports obj | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: subject=Goal passport=Theme | |||
| 2 | not use | can · passive | Abkhazian passports | for international travel | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for travel=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | pay | past | Russia | retirement pensions and other monetary benefits obj; subsequently property | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient pension=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/334/