Abkhazia, sentence 416
From Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Georgian refugees from Abkhazia, ethnically cleansed by Russian-backed Abkhaz troops in the 1992-93 war, voted against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum (held outside of the territories controlled by the separatist forces).
What happens: cleanse, back, vote, hold, control · To what, where: Georgian refugees, Abkhaz troops, 1992-93 war, 1996 referendum, territories
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 refugees | det |
| 2 | Georgian | georgian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 refugees | amod |
| 3 | refugees | refugee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 cleansed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 Abkhazia | case |
| 5 | Abkhazia | Abkhazia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 refugees | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cleansed | punct |
| 7 | ethnically | ethnically | ADV | _ | 8 cleansed | advmod |
| 8 | cleansed | cleanse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 12 backed | mark |
| 10 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 backed | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 Russian | punct |
| 12 | backed | back | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 cleansed | advcl |
| 13 | Abkhaz | Abkhaz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 troops | compound |
| 14 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 12 backed | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 war | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 war | det |
| 17 | 1992-93 | 1992-93 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 war | nummod |
| 18 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 backed | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 voted | punct |
| 20 | voted | vote | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 cleansed | conj |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 25 secession | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 region | det |
| 23 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 secession | nmod:poss |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 23 region | case |
| 25 | secession | secession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 voted | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 referendum | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 referendum | det |
| 28 | 1996 | 1996 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 referendum | nummod |
| 29 | referendum | referendum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 secession | nmod |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 31 held | punct |
| 31 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 referendum | acl |
| 32 | outside | outside | ADP | _ | 35 territories | case |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 territories | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 territories | det |
| 35 | territories | territory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 held | obl |
| 36 | controlled | control | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 territories | acl |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 forces | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 forces | det |
| 39 | separatist | separatist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 forces | compound |
| 40 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 controlled | obl |
| 41 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 31 held | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 cleansed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cleanse | participle · passive | the Georgian refugees from Abkhazia | ethnically property | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | back | participle | Abkhaz troops | the 1992-93 war | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent troops=Theme in war=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | vote | past | against the region's secession in the 1996 referendum | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | hold | participle | the 1996 referendum not said here | the territories | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside territory=Location | ||||
| 5 | control | participle | the territories not said here | by the separatist forces | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/416/