Abkhazia, sentence 90
From Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the case of the Abkhaz, Russia attempted to obviate the use of the Georgian language by Abkhazians which they previously wielded as the second language and used for the literacy and high culture.
Who acts: Russia · What happens: attempt, obviate, wield, use · To what, where: case, use, Georgian language
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Abkhazia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 case | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 case | det |
| 3 | case | case | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 attempted | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Abkhaz | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Abkhaz | det |
| 6 | Abkhaz | Abkhaz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 case | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 case | punct |
| 8 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 attempted | nsubj |
| 9 | attempted | attempt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 obviate | mark |
| 11 | obviate | obviate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 attempted | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 use | det |
| 13 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 obviate | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 language | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 language | det |
| 16 | Georgian | georgian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 language | amod |
| 17 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 use | nmod |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 Abkhazians | case |
| 19 | Abkhazians | Abkhazian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 language | nmod |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 wielded | obj |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 wielded | nsubj |
| 22 | previously | previously | ADV | _ | 23 wielded | advmod |
| 23 | wielded | wield | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 language | acl:relcl |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 language | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 language | det |
| 26 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 27 language | amod |
| 27 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 wielded | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 used | cc |
| 29 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 language | conj |
| 30 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 literacy | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 literacy | det |
| 32 | literacy | literacy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 used | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 culture | cc |
| 34 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 culture | amod |
| 35 | culture | culture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 literacy | conj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 attempted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | attempt | past | Russia | the case of the Abkhaz | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | obviate not said to happen | to-infinitive | Russia not said here | the use of the Georgian language by Abkhazians | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent use=Patient | ||||
| 3 | wield | past | Russia | the Georgian language by Abkhazians | as the second language; previously property | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | |||
| 4 | use | participle | Russia not said here | for the literacy and high culture | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | use | the Georgian language by Abkhazians | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Abkhazia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Abkhazia/90/