Afghanistan, sentence 62

From Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

In the mid-to-late first century CE the vast Kushan Empire, centered in Afghanistan, became great patrons of Buddhist culture, making Buddhism flourish throughout the region.

Who acts: vast Kushan Empire, Buddhism · What happens: center, become, make, flourish · To what, where: first century CE, great patrons, region

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Afghanistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vast Kushan Empire, Buddhism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	6 CE	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 CE	det
3	mid-to-late	mid-to-late	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 CE	nsubj
4	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	6 CE	amod
5	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 CE	compound
6	CE	ce	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 centered	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Empire	det
8	vast	vast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Empire	amod
9	Kushan	Kushan	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Empire	compound
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 centered	nsubj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 Empire	punct
12	centered	center	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 Afghanistan	case
14	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 centered	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 became	punct
16	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 centered	conj
17	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 patrons	amod
18	patrons	patron	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 became	xcomp
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 culture	case
20	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 culture	amod
21	culture	culture	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 patrons	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 making	punct
23	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 became	advcl
24	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 flourish	nsubj
25	flourish	flourish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 making	xcomp
26	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	28 region	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 region	det
28	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 flourish	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 centered	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	center	past	the vast Kushan Empire		the first century CE mid-to-late	in Afghanistan	vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent
2	become	past	the vast Kushan Empire not said here	great patrons of Buddhist culture			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
3	make	gerund	the vast Kushan Empire not said here				tree rules
4	flourish	present	Buddhism		the region		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout region=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Afghanistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Afghanistan, sentence 62

The tree

Pragmatics

Afghanistan, sentence 62