Albania, sentence 101
From Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Despite his competence as a military leader, Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military had only a short-term impact, as his forces were unable to halt the Ottomans' advancement permanently; therefore, they successfully delayed the final conquest of Albanian lands only temporarily.
Who acts: victories, forces, Ottomans · What happens: have, be, halt, delay, advance · To what, where: term impact, advancement, final conquest
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Albania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (victories, forces, Ottomans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Despite | despite | ADP | _ | 3 competence | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 competence | nmod:poss |
| 3 | competence | competence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 had | obl |
| 4 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 leader | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 leader | det |
| 6 | military | military | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 leader | amod |
| 7 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 competence | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 competence | punct |
| 9 | Skanderbeg | Skanderbeg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 victories | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 Skanderbeg | case |
| 11 | victories | victory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 had | nsubj |
| 12 | over | over | ADP | _ | 17 military | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Empire | det |
| 14 | Ottoman | Ottoman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Empire | compound |
| 15 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 military | nmod:poss |
| 16 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 15 Empire | case |
| 17 | military | military | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 victories | nmod |
| 18 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 impact | advmod |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 impact | det |
| 21 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 term | amod |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 short | punct |
| 23 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 impact | compound |
| 24 | impact | impact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 had | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 unable | punct |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 30 unable | mark |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 forces | nmod:poss |
| 28 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 unable | nsubj |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 unable | cop |
| 30 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 had | conj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 halt | mark |
| 32 | halt | halt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 unable | xcomp |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Ottomans | det |
| 34 | Ottomans | Ottoman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 36 advancement | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 34 Ottomans | case |
| 36 | advancement | advancement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 halt | obj |
| 37 | permanently | permanently | ADV | _ | 32 halt | advmod |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 delayed | punct |
| 39 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 43 delayed | advmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 therefore | punct |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 delayed | nsubj |
| 42 | successfully | successfully | ADV | _ | 43 delayed | advmod |
| 43 | delayed | delay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 had | conj |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 conquest | det |
| 45 | final | final | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 conquest | amod |
| 46 | conquest | conquest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 delayed | obj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 lands | case |
| 48 | Albanian | Albanian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 lands | amod |
| 49 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 conquest | nmod |
| 50 | only | only | ADV | _ | 51 temporarily | advmod |
| 51 | temporarily | temporarily | ADV | _ | 43 delayed | advmod |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Skanderbeg's victories over the Ottoman Empire's military | a term impact | despite Skanderbeg's competence as a military leader | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impact=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | past | Skanderbeg's forces | unable property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | halt | to-infinitive | Skanderbeg's forces not said here | the Ottomans's advancement | permanently property | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector advancement=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | delay | past | victories = victory | the final conquest of Albanian lands | successfully, temporarily, therefore property | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent conquest=Source | |||
| 5 | advance | the Ottomans | nom advancement «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Albania/101/