Albania, sentence 212
From Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Freedom House's Nations in Transit assessment described Albania's national governance as democratic but dominated by clientelist party politics and individual personalities, and stated that elections were frequently marred by vote-buying, manipulation, fraud and gerrymandering.
Who acts: Nations, vote buying · What happens: describe, dominate, state, mar, gerrymander · To what, where: national governance, elections · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Albania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nations, vote buying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freedom | Freedom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 House | compound |
| 2 | House | House | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Nations | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 House | case |
| 4 | Nations | Nation | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 described | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 assessment | case |
| 6 | Transit | transit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 assessment | compound |
| 7 | assessment | assessment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 Nations | nmod |
| 8 | described | describe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | Albania | Albania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 governance | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 Albania | case |
| 11 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 governance | amod |
| 12 | governance | governance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 described | obj |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 democratic | case |
| 14 | democratic | democratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 governance | nmod |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 dominated | cc |
| 16 | dominated | dominate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 democratic | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 politics | case |
| 18 | clientelist | clientelist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 party | compound |
| 19 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 politics | compound |
| 20 | politics | politics | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 16 dominated | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 personalities | cc |
| 22 | individual | individual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 personalities | amod |
| 23 | personalities | personality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 politics | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 stated | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 stated | cc |
| 26 | stated | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 described | parataxis |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 marred | mark |
| 28 | elections | election | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 marred | nsubj |
| 29 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 marred | aux:pass |
| 30 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 31 marred | advmod |
| 31 | marred | mar | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 stated | ccomp |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 buying | case |
| 33 | vote | vote | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 buying | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 vote | punct |
| 35 | buying | buying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 marred | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 manipulation | punct |
| 37 | manipulation | manipulation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 buying | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 fraud | punct |
| 39 | fraud | fraud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 buying | conj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 gerrymandering | cc |
| 41 | gerrymandering | gerrymander | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 fraud | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 described | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | past | Freedom House's Nations in Transit assessment | Albania's national governance | as democratic | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent governance=Theme as democratic=Attribute | |||
| 2 | dominate | participle | Freedom House's Nations in Transit assessment not said here | by party politics and individual personalities | vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | state speech: other | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | mar | past · passive | vote buying and manipulation and fraud | elections | frequently property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | gerrymander | gerund | vote buying and manipulation and fraud not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Albania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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