Algeria, sentence 56
From Wikipedia, «Algeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 203–202 BC, Masinissa of the Massyli, after being supported by Rome and playing a key role in the Battle of Zama against Carthaginian general Hannibal, defeated his western rivals (including Syphax) and unified the territories into the Kingdom of Numidia.
Who acts: Rome, Masinissa · What happens: support, play, defeat, include, unify · To what, where: key role, Battle, western rivals, 203, territories, Kingdom
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Algeria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rome, Masinissa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 203 | case |
| 2 | 203 | 203 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 defeated | obl |
| 3 | – | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 202 | punct |
| 4 | 202 | 202 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 203 | nmod:unmarked |
| 5 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 202 | nmod:unmarked |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 203 | punct |
| 7 | Masinissa | Masinissa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 defeated | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Massyli | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Massyli | det |
| 10 | Massyli | Massyli | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Masinissa | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 supported | punct |
| 12 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 14 supported | mark |
| 13 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 supported | aux:pass |
| 14 | supported | support | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 Masinissa | parataxis |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 Rome | case |
| 16 | Rome | Rome | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 supported | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 playing | cc |
| 18 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 supported | conj |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 role | det |
| 20 | key | key | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 role | amod |
| 21 | role | role | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 playing | obj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Battle | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Battle | det |
| 24 | Battle | Battle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 role | nmod |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Zama | case |
| 26 | Zama | Zama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Battle | nmod |
| 27 | against | against | ADP | _ | 30 Hannibal | case |
| 28 | Carthaginian | Carthaginian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Hannibal | compound |
| 29 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Hannibal | amod |
| 30 | Hannibal | Hannibal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 role | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Masinissa | punct |
| 32 | defeated | defeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 rivals | nmod:poss |
| 34 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 rivals | amod |
| 35 | rivals | rival | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 defeated | obj |
| 36 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 38 Syphax | punct |
| 37 | including | include | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 Syphax | case |
| 38 | Syphax | Syphax | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 rivals | appos |
| 39 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 38 Syphax | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 unified | cc |
| 41 | unified | unify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 defeated | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 territories | det |
| 43 | territories | territory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 unified | obj |
| 44 | into | into | ADP | _ | 46 Kingdom | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 Kingdom | det |
| 46 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 unified | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 Numidia | case |
| 48 | Numidia | Numidia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Kingdom | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 32 defeated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | support | gerund · passive | Rome | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | play | gerund | Rome not said here | a key role | the Battle of Zama | against Carthaginian general Hannibal | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent role=Theme | ||
| 3 | defeat | past | Masinissa of the Massyli | BC's western rivals | 203 202 BC | tree rules | |||
| 4 | include | gerund | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | unify | past | Masinissa of the Massyli not said here | the territories | the Kingdom of Numidia | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Algeria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Algeria/56/