Algiers, sentence 22
From Wikipedia, «Algiers», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
This name is a truncated form of the name that was used first by Buluggin ibn Ziri when he established the modern city in 972 AD (on the ruins of the Punic city of Icosium) which was Jazāʾir Banī Mazghanna (جزائر بني مزغانة), meaning 'islands of Banu Mazghanna', this term was used by the Hammadid dynasty as well as early medieval geographers such as Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.
Who acts: name, Buluggin ibn, ibn, 972 AD, Hammadid dynasty · What happens: truncate, be, use, establish, mean, ruin · To what, where: truncated form, name, modern city, 972 AD, Jazāʾir Banī, islands · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Algiers». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, Buluggin ibn, ibn, 972 AD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 name | det |
| 2 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 form | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 form | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 form | det |
| 5 | truncated | truncate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 form | amod |
| 6 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 name | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 name | det |
| 9 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 form | nmod |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 used | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 used | aux:pass |
| 12 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 name | acl:relcl |
| 13 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 used | advmod |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 ibn | case |
| 15 | Buluggin | Buluggin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 ibn | compound |
| 16 | ibn | Ibn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 used | obl:agent |
| 17 | Ziri | Ziri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 ibn | flat |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 established | advmod |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 established | nsubj |
| 20 | established | establish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 form | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 city | det |
| 22 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 city | amod |
| 23 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 established | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 AD | case |
| 25 | 972 | 972 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 AD | nummod |
| 26 | AD | ad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 established | obl |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 ruins | punct |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 ruins | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ruins | det |
| 30 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 AD | appos |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 city | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 city | det |
| 33 | Punic | punic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 city | amod |
| 34 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 ruins | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Icosium | case |
| 36 | Icosium | Icosium | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 city | nmod |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 ruins | punct |
| 38 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 Banī | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 Banī | cop |
| 40 | Jazāʾir | Jazāʾir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Banī | compound |
| 41 | Banī | Banī | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 AD | nmod |
| 42 | Mazghanna | Mazghanna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Banī | flat |
| 43 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 مزغانة | punct |
| 44 | جزائر | جزائر | PUNCT | _ | 46 مزغانة | punct |
| 45 | بني | بني | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 مزغانة | compound |
| 46 | مزغانة | مزغانة | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 Banī | appos |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 46 مزغانة | punct |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 meaning | punct |
| 49 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 established | advcl |
| 50 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 51 islands | punct |
| 51 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 used | nsubj:pass |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 Mazghanna | case |
| 53 | Banu | Banu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 54 Mazghanna | compound |
| 54 | Mazghanna | Mazghanna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 islands | nmod |
| 55 | ', | ', | PART | _ | 54 Mazghanna | case |
| 56 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 57 term | det |
| 57 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 used | nsubj:pass |
| 58 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 used | aux:pass |
| 59 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 meaning | ccomp |
| 60 | by | by | ADP | _ | 63 dynasty | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 dynasty | det |
| 62 | Hammadid | Hammadid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 dynasty | compound |
| 63 | dynasty | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 used | obl |
| 64 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 69 geographers | cc |
| 65 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 64 as | fixed |
| 66 | as | as | ADP | _ | 64 as | fixed |
| 67 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 69 geographers | amod |
| 68 | medieval | medieval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 69 geographers | amod |
| 69 | geographers | geographer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 59 used | conj |
| 70 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 72 Muhammad | case |
| 71 | as | as | ADP | _ | 70 such | fixed |
| 72 | Muhammad | Muhammad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 69 geographers | nmod |
| 73 | al | Al | PROPN | Number=Sing | 72 Muhammad | flat |
| 74 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 75 Idrisi | punct |
| 75 | Idrisi | Idrisi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 72 Muhammad | conj |
| 76 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 77 Yaqut | cc |
| 77 | Yaqut | Yaqut | PROPN | Number=Sing | 72 Muhammad | conj |
| 78 | al | Al | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 Yaqut | flat |
| 79 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 80 Hamawi | punct |
| 80 | Hamawi | Hamawi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 77 Yaqut | conj |
| 81 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 form | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | truncate | participle | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | is a | present | this name | a truncated form | of the name | tree rules | |||
| 3 | use | past · passive | Buluggin ibn | the name | first property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 4 | establish | past | ibn | the modern city | 972 AD | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Patient | |||
| 5 | is a | past | 972 AD | Jazāʾir Banī | بني مزغانة appos | tree rules | |||
| 6 | mean | gerund | ibn not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | use | past · passive | the Hammadid dynasty | islands of Banu Mazghanna | this term nsubj:pass; early medieval geographers such Muhammad and Idrisi and Yaqut and Hamawi conj | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | |||
| 8 | ruin | the Punic city of Icosium | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Algiers», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Algiers/22/