Ashgabat, sentence 257
From Wikipedia, «Ashgabat», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Its high cost of living for foreigners has been attributed to severe inflation and rising import costs.
Who acts: high cost, world · What happens: live, attribute, rise, cost · To what, where: high cost, import costs
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ashgabat». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (high cost, world), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 cost | nmod:poss |
| 2 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cost | amod |
| 3 | cost | cost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 attributed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 5 living | mark |
| 5 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 cost | acl |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 foreigners | case |
| 7 | foreigners | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 living | obl |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 attributed | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 attributed | aux:pass |
| 10 | attributed | attribute | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 inflation | case |
| 12 | severe | severe | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 inflation | amod |
| 13 | inflation | inflation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 attributed | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 rising | cc |
| 15 | rising | rise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 inflation | conj |
| 16 | import | import | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 costs | compound |
| 17 | costs | cost | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 rising | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 attributed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | gerund | world's high cost not said here | for foreigners | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | attribute | present · perfect · passive | world's high cost | to severe inflation | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | rise | gerund | import costs | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cost=Theme | |||||
| 4 | cost | world | nom cost «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Ashgabat», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ashgabat/257/