Athens, sentence 48
From Wikipedia, «Athens», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Athens had by this time become a significant naval power with a large fleet, and helped the rebellion of the Ionian cities against Persian rule.
Who acts: Athens, Ionian cities · What happens: have, become, help, rebel · To what, where: significant naval power, rebellion
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Athens». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Athens, Ionian cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Athens | Athens | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 time | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 time | det |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obl |
| 6 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 had | xcomp |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 power | det |
| 8 | significant | significant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 power | amod |
| 9 | naval | naval | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 power | amod |
| 10 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 become | xcomp |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 fleet | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 fleet | det |
| 13 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 fleet | amod |
| 14 | fleet | fleet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 power | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 helped | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 helped | cc |
| 17 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rebellion | det |
| 19 | rebellion | rebellion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 helped | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 cities | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 cities | det |
| 22 | Ionian | Ionian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 cities | compound |
| 23 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rebellion | nmod |
| 24 | against | against | ADP | _ | 26 rule | case |
| 25 | Persian | persian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rule | amod |
| 26 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 cities | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Athens | time | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | become | infinitive | Athens not said here | a significant naval power with a large fleet | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | help | past | the rebellion of the Ionian cities against Persian rule | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rebellion=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | rebel | the Ionian cities against Persian rule | nom rebellion «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Athens», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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