Australia, sentence 169
From Wikipedia, «Australia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Climate change from increased greenhouse gas emissions has led to a 1.5 °C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and an increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events.
Who acts: Climate change · What happens: increase, lead
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Australia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Climate change), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Climate | climate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 change | compound |
| 2 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 led | nsubj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 emissions | case |
| 4 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 emissions | amod |
| 5 | greenhouse | greenhouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gas | compound |
| 6 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 emissions | compound |
| 7 | emissions | emission | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 change | nmod |
| 8 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 led | aux |
| 9 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 rise | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 rise | det |
| 12 | 1.5 | 1.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac | 14 C | nummod |
| 13 | ° | ° | SYM | _ | 14 C | compound |
| 14 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rise | compound |
| 15 | rise | rise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 led | obl:agent |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 temperatures | case |
| 17 | Australian | Australian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 temperatures | amod |
| 18 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 rise | nmod |
| 19 | since | since | ADP | _ | 20 1910 | case |
| 20 | 1910 | 1910 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 rise | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 increase | cc |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 increase | det |
| 23 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rise | conj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 heat | case |
| 25 | extreme | extreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 heat | amod |
| 26 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 increase | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 events | cc |
| 28 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 events | amod |
| 29 | rainfall | rainfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 events | compound |
| 30 | events | event | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 rise | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 led | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | increase | participle | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 2 | lead | present · perfect | Climate change from increased gas emissions | a C rise in Australian temperatures since 1910 and a increase in extreme heat and heavy rainfall events obl:agent | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Australia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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