Bahrain, sentence 199
From Wikipedia, «Bahrain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Four types of salinisation of the aquifer are identified: brackish-water up-flow from the underlying brackish-water zones in north-central, western, and eastern regions; seawater intrusion in the eastern region; intrusion of sabkha water in the southwestern region; and irrigation return flow in a local area in the western region.
Who acts: sabkha water · What happens: identify, type, intrude · To what, where: Four types, underlying water zones, salinisation
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bahrain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sabkha water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 types | nummod |
| 2 | types | type | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 identified | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 salinisation | case |
| 4 | salinisation | salinisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 types | nmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 aquifer | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 aquifer | det |
| 7 | aquifer | aquifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 salinisation | nmod |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 identified | aux:pass |
| 9 | identified | identify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 water | punct |
| 11 | brackish | brackish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 water | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 brackish | punct |
| 13 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 identified | obl |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 flow | case |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 up | punct |
| 16 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 water | nmod |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 zones | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 zones | det |
| 19 | underlying | underlying | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 zones | amod |
| 20 | brackish | brackish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 water | amod |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 brackish | punct |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 zones | compound |
| 23 | zones | zone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 identified | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 central | case |
| 25 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 central | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 north | punct |
| 27 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 zones | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 western | punct |
| 29 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 central | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 regions | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 regions | cc |
| 32 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 regions | amod |
| 33 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 identified | obl |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 intrusion | punct |
| 35 | seawater | seawater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 intrusion | compound |
| 36 | intrusion | intrusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 identified | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 region | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 region | det |
| 39 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 region | amod |
| 40 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 intrusion | nmod |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 intrusion | punct |
| 42 | intrusion | intrusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 identified | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 water | case |
| 44 | sabkha | sabkha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 water | compound |
| 45 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 intrusion | nmod |
| 46 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 region | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 region | det |
| 48 | southwestern | southwestern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 region | amod |
| 49 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 water | nmod |
| 50 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 54 flow | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 flow | cc |
| 52 | irrigation | irrigation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 return | compound |
| 53 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 flow | compound |
| 54 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 identified | obl |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 58 area | case |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 58 area | det |
| 57 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 area | amod |
| 58 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 flow | nmod |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 region | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 region | det |
| 61 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 region | amod |
| 62 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 area | nmod |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 identified | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | present · passive | Four types of salinisation of the aquifer | the underlying water zones in north central | brackish water up flow obl; eastern regions obl; seawater intrusion in the eastern region obl; intrusion of sabkha water in the southwestern region obl; return flow in a local area in the western region obl | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | type | salinisation of the aquifer | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 3 | intrude | sabkha water in the southwestern region | nom intrusion «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bahrain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bahrain/199/