Bahrain, sentence 45

From Wikipedia, «Bahrain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit the island, and he found a verdant land that was part of a wide trading network; he recorded: "That on the island of Tylos, situated in the Persian Gulf, are large plantations of cotton trees, from which are manufactured clothes called sindones, of strongly differing degrees of value, some being costly, others less expensive.

Who acts: Nearchus, verdant land, manufactured clothes, some, others · What happens: believe, be, visit, find, record, situate · To what, where: Nearchus, first, island, verdant land, part, That · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bahrain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nearchus, verdant land, manufactured clothes, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nearchus	Nearchus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 believed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 believed	aux:pass
3	believed	believe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	8 first	mark
5	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 first	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 first	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 first	det
8	first	first	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 believed	xcomp
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 commanders	case
10	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 commanders	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Alexander	case
12	commanders	commander	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 first	nmod
13	to	to	PART	_	14 visit	mark
14	visit	visit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 believed	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 island	det
16	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 visit	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 found	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 found	cc
19	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 found	nsubj
20	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 believed	parataxis
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 land	det
22	verdant	verdant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 land	amod
23	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 found	obj
24	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 part	nsubj
25	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 part	cop
26	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 land	acl:relcl
27	of	of	ADP	_	31 network	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 network	det
29	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 network	amod
30	trading	trading	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 network	compound
31	network	network	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 part	nmod
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 recorded	punct
33	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 recorded	nsubj
34	recorded	record	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 found	conj
35	:	:	PUNCT	_	37 That	punct
36	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 That	punct
37	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	34 recorded	obj
38	on	on	ADP	_	40 island	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 island	det
40	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 That	nmod
41	of	of	ADP	_	42 Tylos	case
42	Tylos	Tylos	PROPN	Number=Sing	40 island	nmod
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 situated	punct
44	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	40 island	acl
45	in	in	ADP	_	48 Gulf	case
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 Gulf	det
47	Persian	Persian	PROPN	Number=Sing	48 Gulf	compound
48	Gulf	Gulf	PROPN	Number=Sing	44 situated	obl
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 plantations	punct
50	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	52 plantations	cop
51	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	52 plantations	amod
52	plantations	plantation	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 recorded	obl
53	of	of	ADP	_	55 trees	case
54	cotton	cotton	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 trees	compound
55	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	52 plantations	nmod
56	,	,	PUNCT	_	61 clothes	punct
57	from	from	ADP	_	58 which	case
58	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	61 clothes	nsubj
59	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	61 clothes	cop
60	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	61 clothes	amod
61	clothes	clothes	NOUN	Number=Ptan	34 recorded	obl
62	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	61 clothes	acl
63	sindones	sindone	NOUN	Number=Plur	62 called	xcomp
64	,	,	PUNCT	_	68 degrees	punct
65	of	of	ADP	_	68 degrees	case
66	strongly	strongly	ADV	_	67 differing	advmod
67	differing	differ	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	68 degrees	amod
68	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 recorded	obl
69	of	of	ADP	_	70 value	case
70	value	value	NOUN	Number=Sing	68 degrees	nmod
71	,	,	PUNCT	_	74 costly	punct
72	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	74 costly	nsubj
73	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	74 costly	cop
74	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 recorded	parataxis
75	,	,	PUNCT	_	78 expensive	punct
76	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	78 expensive	nsubj
77	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	78 expensive	advmod
78	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	74 costly	conj
79	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 believed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	believe	present · passive		Nearchus			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	is a	to-infinitive · perfect		the first		of Alexander's commanders	tree rules
3	visit	to-infinitive		the island			vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Co-Agent
4	find	past	Nearchus	a verdant land			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Topic
5	is a	past	a verdant land	part		of a wide trading network	tree rules
6	record	past	Nearchus	That	the island of Tylos	of differing degrees of value	tree rules
7	situate in a quote	participle		the island of Tylos not said here	the Persian Gulf		vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in gulf=Destination
8	is a in a quote	present		large plantations		of cotton trees	tree rules
9	manufacture in a quote	participle					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
10	is a in a quote	present		manufactured clothes		which nsubj	tree rules
11	call in a quote	participle	manufactured clothes not said here	sindones			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
12	differ in a quote	gerund				strongly property	vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
13	is in a quote	gerund	some			costly property	tree rules
14	be in a quote		others			less property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bahrain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Bahrain, sentence 45

The tree

Pragmatics

Bahrain, sentence 45