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Baku, sentence 25

From Wikipedia, «Baku», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The modern Azerbaijani spelling, which has been using the Latin alphabet since 1991, is Bakı; the shift from the Perso-Arabic letter و (ū) to Cyrillic "ы" and, later, Latin "ı" may be compared to that in other Azerbaijani words (e.g. compare qāpū in old Perso-Arabic spelling with modern Azerbaijani, "door") or in suffixes, as و was often used to transcribe the vowel harmony in Azerbaijani (which was also the practice in Ottoman Turkish).

Who acts: Azerbaijani · What happens: use, be, compare, transcribe · To what, where: modern Azerbaijani spelling, Bakı, other Azerbaijani words, qāpū, old Arabic spelling, و

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Baku». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Azerbaijani), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

detamodcompoundnsubj:passpunctobjauxauxacldetamodobjcaseoblpunctcopappospunctdetconjcasedetcompoundpunctcompoundcompoundnmodpunctappospunctcasenmodpunctappospunctccpunctadvmodpunctcompoundpunctappospunctauxaux:passcaseoblcaseamodcompoundoblpunctadvmodparataxisobjcaseamodcompoundpunctcompoundoblcaseamodnmodpunctpunctappospunctpunctcccaseconjpunctmarknsubj:passaux:passadvmodparataxismarkadvcldetcompoundobjcaseoblpunctnsubjcopadvmoddetapposcaseamodnmodpunctpunctrootTheDETmodernADJAzerbaijaniPROPNspellingNOUN,PUNCTwhichPRONhasAUXbeenAUXusingVERBtheDETLatinADJalphabetNOUNsinceADP1991NUM,PUNCTisAUXBakıPROPN;PUNCTtheDETshiftNOUNfromADPtheDETPersoPROPN-PUNCTArabicPROPNletterNOUNوNOUN(PUNCTūNOUN)PUNCTtoADPCyrillicPROPN"PUNCTыNOUN"PUNCTandCCONJ,PUNCTlaterADV,PUNCTLatinPROPN"PUNCTıNOUN"PUNCTmayAUXbeAUXcomparedVERBtoADPthatPRONinADPotherADJAzerbaijaniPROPNwordsNOUN(PUNCTe.g.ADVcompareVERBqāpūNOUNinADPoldADJPersoPROPN-PUNCTArabicPROPNspellingNOUNwithADPmodernADJAzerbaijaniPROPN,PUNCT"PUNCTdoorNOUN"PUNCT)PUNCTorCCONJinADPsuffixesNOUN,PUNCTasSCONJوNOUNwasAUXoftenADVusedVERBtoPARTtranscribeVERBtheDETvowelNOUNharmonyNOUNinADPAzerbaijaniPROPN(PUNCTwhichPRONwasAUXalsoADVtheDETpracticeNOUNinADPOttomanADJTurkishPROPN)PUNCT.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 spellingdet
2modernmodernADJDegree=Pos4 spellingamod
3AzerbaijaniAzerbaijaniPROPNNumber=Sing4 spellingcompound
4spellingspellingNOUNNumber=Sing46 comparednsubj:pass
5,,PUNCT_9 usingpunct
6whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel9 usingobj
7hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin9 usingaux
8beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part9 usingaux
9usinguseVERBVerbForm=Ger4 spellingacl
10thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 alphabetdet
11LatinLatinADJDegree=Pos12 alphabetamod
12alphabetalphabetNOUNNumber=Sing9 usingobj
13sincesinceADP_14 1991case
1419911991NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card9 usingobl
15,,PUNCT_17 Bakıpunct
16isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin17 Bakıcop
17BakıBakıPROPNNumber=Sing4 spellingappos
18;;PUNCT_20 shiftpunct
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 shiftdet
20shiftshiftNOUNNumber=Sing4 spellingconj
21fromfromADP_27 وcase
22thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art27 وdet
23PersoPersoPROPNNumber=Sing25 Arabiccompound
24--PUNCT_23 Persopunct
25ArabicArabicPROPNNumber=Sing27 وcompound
26letterletterNOUNNumber=Sing27 وcompound
27ووNOUNNumber=Sing20 shiftnmod
28((PUNCT_29 ūpunct
29ūūNOUNNumber=Sing27 وappos
30))PUNCT_29 ūpunct
31totoADP_32 Cyrilliccase
32CyrillicCyrillicPROPNNumber=Sing20 shiftnmod
33""PUNCT_34 ыpunct
34ыыNOUNNumber=Sing32 Cyrillicappos
35""PUNCT_34 ыpunct
36andandCCONJ_38 latercc
37,,PUNCT_36 andpunct
38laterlateADVDegree=Cmp20 shiftadvmod
39,,PUNCT_42 ıpunct
40LatinLatinPROPNNumber=Sing42 ıcompound
41""PUNCT_42 ıpunct
42ııNOUNNumber=Sing20 shiftappos
43""PUNCT_42 ıpunct
44maymayAUXVerbForm=Fin46 comparedaux
45bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf46 comparedaux:pass
46comparedcompareVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
47totoADP_48 thatcase
48thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem46 comparedobl
49ininADP_52 wordscase
50otherotherADJDegree=Pos52 wordsamod
51AzerbaijaniAzerbaijaniPROPNNumber=Sing52 wordscompound
52wordswordNOUNNumber=Plur46 comparedobl
53((PUNCT_55 comparepunct
54e.g.e.g.ADV_55 compareadvmod
55comparecompareVERBMood=Imp VerbForm=Fin46 comparedparataxis
56qāpūqāpūNOUNNumber=Sing55 compareobj
57ininADP_62 spellingcase
58oldoldADJDegree=Pos62 spellingamod
59PersoPersoPROPNNumber=Sing61 Arabiccompound
60--PUNCT_59 Persopunct
61ArabicArabicPROPNNumber=Sing62 spellingcompound
62spellingspellingNOUNNumber=Sing55 compareobl
63withwithADP_65 Azerbaijanicase
64modernmodernADJDegree=Pos65 Azerbaijaniamod
65AzerbaijaniAzerbaijaniPROPNNumber=Sing62 spellingnmod
66,,PUNCT_68 doorpunct
67""PUNCT_68 doorpunct
68doordoorNOUNNumber=Sing62 spellingappos
69""PUNCT_68 doorpunct
70))PUNCT_68 doorpunct
71ororCCONJ_73 suffixescc
72ininADP_73 suffixescase
73suffixessuffixNOUNNumber=Plur62 spellingconj
74,,PUNCT_79 usedpunct
75asasSCONJ_79 usedmark
76ووNOUNNumber=Sing79 usednsubj:pass
77wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin79 usedaux:pass
78oftenoftenADV_79 usedadvmod
79useduseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass55 compareparataxis
80totoPART_81 transcribemark
81transcribetranscribeVERBVerbForm=Inf79 usedadvcl
82thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art84 harmonydet
83vowelvowelNOUNNumber=Sing84 harmonycompound
84harmonyharmonyNOUNNumber=Sing81 transcribeobj
85ininADP_86 Azerbaijanicase
86AzerbaijaniAzerbaijaniPROPNNumber=Sing81 transcribeobl
87((PUNCT_92 practicepunct
88whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel92 practicensubj
89wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin92 practicecop
90alsoalsoADV_92 practiceadvmod
91thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art92 practicedet
92practicepracticeNOUNNumber=Sing86 Azerbaijaniappos
93ininADP_95 Turkishcase
94OttomanottomanADJDegree=Pos95 Turkishamod
95TurkishTurkishPROPNNumber=Sing92 practicenmod
96))PUNCT_92 practicepunct
97..PUNCT_46 comparedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1usepresent · perfect · progressivethe modern Azerbaijani spelling and the shift from the Arabic letter و to Cyrillicsince 1991the Latin alphabet objtree rules
2is apresentBakıtree rules
3comparemay · passivethe modern Azerbaijani spelling and the shift from the Arabic letter و to Cyrillicother Azerbaijani wordsto thatvn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4compareinfinitiveqāpūold Arabic spelling with modern Azerbaijani or suffixese.g. propertyvn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent qāpū=Patient
5usepast · passiveوoften propertyvn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
6transcribeto-infinitivethe vowel harmonyAzerbaijanivn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent harmony=Theme in azerbaijani=Destination
7is apastAzerbaijanithe practiceOttoman Turkishtree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Baku», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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