Baku, sentence 25
From Wikipedia, «Baku», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The modern Azerbaijani spelling, which has been using the Latin alphabet since 1991, is Bakı; the shift from the Perso-Arabic letter و (ū) to Cyrillic "ы" and, later, Latin "ı" may be compared to that in other Azerbaijani words (e.g. compare qāpū in old Perso-Arabic spelling with modern Azerbaijani, "door") or in suffixes, as و was often used to transcribe the vowel harmony in Azerbaijani (which was also the practice in Ottoman Turkish).
Who acts: Azerbaijani · What happens: use, be, compare, transcribe · To what, where: modern Azerbaijani spelling, Bakı, other Azerbaijani words, qāpū, old Arabic spelling, و
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Baku». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Azerbaijani), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 spelling | det |
| 2 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 spelling | amod |
| 3 | Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 spelling | compound |
| 4 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 compared | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 using | punct |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 using | obj |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 using | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 using | aux |
| 9 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 spelling | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 alphabet | det |
| 11 | Latin | Latin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 alphabet | amod |
| 12 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 using | obj |
| 13 | since | since | ADP | _ | 14 1991 | case |
| 14 | 1991 | 1991 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 using | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Bakı | punct |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 Bakı | cop |
| 17 | Bakı | Bakı | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 spelling | appos |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 shift | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 shift | det |
| 20 | shift | shift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spelling | conj |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 و | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 و | det |
| 23 | Perso | Perso | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Arabic | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 Perso | punct |
| 25 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 و | compound |
| 26 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 و | compound |
| 27 | و | و | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shift | nmod |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 ū | punct |
| 29 | ū | ū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 و | appos |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 ū | punct |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 Cyrillic | case |
| 32 | Cyrillic | Cyrillic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 shift | nmod |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 ы | punct |
| 34 | ы | ы | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Cyrillic | appos |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 ы | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 later | cc |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 and | punct |
| 38 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 20 shift | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 ı | punct |
| 40 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 ı | compound |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 ı | punct |
| 42 | ı | ı | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shift | appos |
| 43 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 ı | punct |
| 44 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 compared | aux |
| 45 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 compared | aux:pass |
| 46 | compared | compare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 that | case |
| 48 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 46 compared | obl |
| 49 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 words | case |
| 50 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 words | amod |
| 51 | Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 words | compound |
| 52 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 compared | obl |
| 53 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 55 compare | punct |
| 54 | e.g. | e.g. | ADV | _ | 55 compare | advmod |
| 55 | compare | compare | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 46 compared | parataxis |
| 56 | qāpū | qāpū | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 compare | obj |
| 57 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 spelling | case |
| 58 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 62 spelling | amod |
| 59 | Perso | Perso | PROPN | Number=Sing | 61 Arabic | compound |
| 60 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 59 Perso | punct |
| 61 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 spelling | compound |
| 62 | spelling | spelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 compare | obl |
| 63 | with | with | ADP | _ | 65 Azerbaijani | case |
| 64 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 Azerbaijani | amod |
| 65 | Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 spelling | nmod |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 68 door | punct |
| 67 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 68 door | punct |
| 68 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 spelling | appos |
| 69 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 68 door | punct |
| 70 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 68 door | punct |
| 71 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 73 suffixes | cc |
| 72 | in | in | ADP | _ | 73 suffixes | case |
| 73 | suffixes | suffix | NOUN | Number=Plur | 62 spelling | conj |
| 74 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 79 used | punct |
| 75 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 79 used | mark |
| 76 | و | و | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 used | nsubj:pass |
| 77 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 79 used | aux:pass |
| 78 | often | often | ADV | _ | 79 used | advmod |
| 79 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 55 compare | parataxis |
| 80 | to | to | PART | _ | 81 transcribe | mark |
| 81 | transcribe | transcribe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 79 used | advcl |
| 82 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 harmony | det |
| 83 | vowel | vowel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 84 harmony | compound |
| 84 | harmony | harmony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 81 transcribe | obj |
| 85 | in | in | ADP | _ | 86 Azerbaijani | case |
| 86 | Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 81 transcribe | obl |
| 87 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 92 practice | punct |
| 88 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 92 practice | nsubj |
| 89 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 92 practice | cop |
| 90 | also | also | ADV | _ | 92 practice | advmod |
| 91 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 92 practice | det |
| 92 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 86 Azerbaijani | appos |
| 93 | in | in | ADP | _ | 95 Turkish | case |
| 94 | Ottoman | ottoman | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 95 Turkish | amod |
| 95 | Turkish | Turkish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 92 practice | nmod |
| 96 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 92 practice | punct |
| 97 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 46 compared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · perfect · progressive | the modern Azerbaijani spelling and the shift from the Arabic letter و to Cyrillic | since 1991 | the Latin alphabet obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is a | present | Bakı | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | compare | may · passive | the modern Azerbaijani spelling and the shift from the Arabic letter و to Cyrillic | other Azerbaijani words | to that | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||
| 4 | compare | infinitive | qāpū | old Arabic spelling with modern Azerbaijani or suffixes | e.g. property | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent qāpū=Patient | |||
| 5 | use | past · passive | و | often property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 6 | transcribe | to-infinitive | the vowel harmony | Azerbaijani | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent harmony=Theme in azerbaijani=Destination | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | Azerbaijani | the practice | Ottoman Turkish | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Baku», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Baku/25/