Bangkok, sentence 14
From Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Bangkok's rapid growth, coupled with little urban planning, has resulted in a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure.
Who acts: rapid growth, Bangkok · What happens: couple, result, grow · To what, where: rapid growth, haphazard cityscape
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bangkok». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rapid growth, Bangkok), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bangkok | Bangkok | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 growth | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Bangkok | case |
| 3 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 growth | amod |
| 4 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 resulted | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 coupled | punct |
| 6 | coupled | couple | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 growth | acl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 planning | case |
| 8 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 planning | amod |
| 9 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 planning | amod |
| 10 | planning | planning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 coupled | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 growth | punct |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 resulted | aux |
| 13 | resulted | result | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 cityscape | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 cityscape | det |
| 16 | haphazard | haphazard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cityscape | compound |
| 17 | cityscape | cityscape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 resulted | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 infrastructure | cc |
| 19 | inadequate | inadequate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 infrastructure | amod |
| 20 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cityscape | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 resulted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | couple | participle | Bangkok's rapid growth not said here | with little urban planning | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with planning=Co-Patient | ||||
| 2 | result | present · perfect | Bangkok's rapid growth | a haphazard cityscape and inadequate infrastructure | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cityscape=Location | ||||
| 3 | grow | Bangkok | nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bangkok/14/