Bangkok, sentence 417

From Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

While Bangkok's limited road surface area (8 per cent, compared to 20–30 per cent in most Western cities) is often cited as a major cause of its traffic jams, other factors, including high vehicle ownership rate relative to income level, inadequate public transport systems, and lack of transportation demand management, also play a role.

What happens: compare, cite, play, cause, lack · To what, where: 8 per cent, most Western cities, surface area, role, traffic jams, demand management

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bangkok». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	While	while	SCONJ	_	7 area	mark
2	Bangkok	Bangkok	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 road	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Bangkok	case
4	limited	limited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 road	amod
5	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 surface	compound
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 area	compound
7	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cited	nsubj:pass
8	(	(	PUNCT	_	11 cent	punct
9	8	8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 cent	nummod
10	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cent	compound
11	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 area	appos
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 compared	punct
13	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 cent	acl
14	to	to	ADP	_	15 20	case
15	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 compared	obl
16	–	–	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	15 20	punct
17	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	19 cent	nummod
18	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cent	compound
19	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 20	nmod:unmarked
20	in	in	ADP	_	23 cities	case
21	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 cities	amod
22	Western	western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 cities	amod
23	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 compared	obl
24	)	)	PUNCT	_	11 cent	punct
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 cited	aux:pass
26	often	often	ADV	_	27 cited	advmod
27	cited	cite	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
28	as	as	ADP	_	31 cause	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 cause	det
30	major	major	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 cause	amod
31	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cited	obl
32	of	of	ADP	_	35 jams	case
33	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 jams	nmod:poss
34	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 jams	compound
35	jams	jam	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 cause	nmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 factors	punct
37	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 factors	amod
38	factors	factor	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 jams	conj
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 rate	punct
40	including	including	ADP	_	44 rate	case
41	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 vehicle	amod
42	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 rate	compound
43	ownership	ownership	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 rate	compound
44	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cited	obl
45	relative	relative	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 rate	appos
46	to	to	ADP	_	48 level	case
47	income	income	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 level	compound
48	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 relative	nmod
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 systems	punct
50	inadequate	inadequate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 systems	amod
51	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 systems	amod
52	transport	transport	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 systems	compound
53	systems	system	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 relative	parataxis
54	,	,	PUNCT	_	56 lack	punct
55	and	and	CCONJ	_	56 lack	cc
56	lack	lack	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cited	parataxis
57	of	of	ADP	_	60 management	case
58	transportation	transportation	NOUN	Number=Sing	59 demand	compound
59	demand	demand	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 management	compound
60	management	management	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 lack	nmod
61	,	,	PUNCT	_	63 play	punct
62	also	also	ADV	_	63 play	advmod
63	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	56 lack	conj
64	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	65 role	det
65	role	role	NOUN	Number=Sing	63 play	obj
66	.	.	PUNCT	_	27 cited	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	compare	participle	8 per cent not said here	most Western cities	to 20 30 per cent	vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	cite	present · passive	surface area		as a major cause of area's traffic jams and other factors; including vehicle ownership rate; lack of demand management parataxis; often property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme as cause=Attribute
3	play	infinitive	a role			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent role=Theme
4	cause		area's traffic jams and other factors			nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
5	lack		demand management			nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bangkok», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bangkok/417/

🌲 Bangkok, sentence 417

The tree

Pragmatics

Bangkok, sentence 417