Belarus, sentence 230
From Wikipedia, «Belarus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In October 1995, a presidential decree abolished the local governments of cities of raion subordination and urban-type settlements which served as the administrative centre of raions, demoting them from administrative-territorial units to territorial units.
Who acts: presidential decree, raion subordination · What happens: abolish, serve, demote · To what, where: local governments, 1995, settlements, administrative territorial units
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Belarus». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (presidential decree, raion subordination), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 1995 | case |
| 2 | October | October | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 1995 | nmod:unmarked |
| 3 | 1995 | 1995 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 abolished | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 1995 | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 decree | det |
| 6 | presidential | presidential | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 decree | amod |
| 7 | decree | decree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 abolished | nsubj |
| 8 | abolished | abolish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 governments | det |
| 10 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 governments | amod |
| 11 | governments | government | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 abolished | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 cities | case |
| 13 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 governments | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 subordination | case |
| 15 | raion | raion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 subordination | compound |
| 16 | subordination | subordination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cities | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 settlements | cc |
| 18 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 type | amod |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 urban | punct |
| 20 | type | type | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 settlements | compound |
| 21 | settlements | settlement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 subordination | conj |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 served | nsubj |
| 23 | served | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 subordination | acl:relcl |
| 24 | as | as | ADP | _ | 27 centre | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 centre | det |
| 26 | administrative | administrative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 centre | amod |
| 27 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 served | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 raions | case |
| 29 | raions | raion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 centre | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 demoting | punct |
| 31 | demoting | demote | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 abolished | advcl |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 demoting | obj |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 units | case |
| 34 | administrative | administrative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 units | amod |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 administrative | punct |
| 36 | territorial | territorial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 units | amod |
| 37 | units | unit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 demoting | obl |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 units | case |
| 39 | territorial | territorial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 units | amod |
| 40 | units | unit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 units | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 abolished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abolish | past | a presidential decree | the local governments of cities of raion subordination and type settlements | 1995 October | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Theme | |||
| 2 | serve | past | raion subordination and type settlements | as the administrative centre of raions | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as centre=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | demote | gerund | a presidential decree not said here | settlements = settlement | administrative territorial units to territorial units | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Belarus», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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