Benin, sentence 153
From Wikipedia, «Benin», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Local languages are used as the many languages of instruction in elementary schools, with French introduced in later years.
What happens: use, introduce · To what, where: Local languages, elementary schools
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Benin». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 languages | amod |
| 2 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 languages | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 languages | det |
| 7 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 languages | amod |
| 8 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 used | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 instruction | case |
| 10 | instruction | instruction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 languages | nmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 schools | case |
| 12 | elementary | elementary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 schools | amod |
| 13 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 used | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 French | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 French | case |
| 16 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 schools | conj |
| 17 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 schools | acl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 years | case |
| 19 | later | late | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 20 years | amod |
| 20 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 introduced | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | Local languages | elementary schools and French | as the many languages of instruction | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as language=Attribute | |||
| 2 | introduce | participle | elementary schools and French not said here | year | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Benin», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Benin/153/