Bhutan, sentence 185
From Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Although Bhutan's natural heritage is still largely intact, the government has said that it cannot be taken for granted and that conservation of the natural environment must be considered one of the challenges that will need to be addressed in the years ahead.
Who acts: natural heritage, government, challenges · What happens: be, say, not take, grant, consider, need · To what, where: it, conservation, natural environment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bhutan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natural heritage, government, challenges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 9 intact | mark |
| 2 | Bhutan | Bhutan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 heritage | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 Bhutan | case |
| 4 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 heritage | amod |
| 5 | heritage | heritage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 intact | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 intact | cop |
| 7 | still | still | ADV | _ | 9 intact | advmod |
| 8 | largely | largely | ADV | _ | 9 intact | advmod |
| 9 | intact | intact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 said | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 intact | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 government | det |
| 12 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | nsubj |
| 13 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 said | aux |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 taken | mark |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 taken | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 taken | advmod |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 taken | aux:pass |
| 20 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 said | ccomp |
| 21 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 granted | mark |
| 22 | granted | grant | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 taken | advcl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 considered | cc |
| 24 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 conservation | det |
| 25 | conservation | conservation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 environment | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 environment | det |
| 28 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 environment | amod |
| 29 | environment | environment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 conservation | nmod |
| 30 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 considered | aux |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 considered | aux:pass |
| 32 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 taken | conj |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 considered | xcomp |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 challenges | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 challenges | det |
| 36 | challenges | challenge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 one | nmod |
| 37 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 need | nsubj |
| 38 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 need | aux |
| 39 | need | need | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 challenges | acl:relcl |
| 40 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 addressed | mark |
| 41 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 42 addressed | aux:pass |
| 42 | addressed | address | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 need | xcomp |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 years | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 years | det |
| 45 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 addressed | obl |
| 46 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 45 years | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Bhutan's natural heritage | still | intact, largely property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present · perfect | the government | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | not take | can · passive | it | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | grant | participle | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | consider | must · passive | that conservation of the natural environment | one of the challenges xcomp | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 6 | need | future | the challenges | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | address not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | the challenges not said here | year | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 8 | conserve | the natural environment | nom conservation «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bhutan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bhutan/185/