Bogotá, sentence 90
From Wikipedia, «Bogotá», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Formed by Europeans, mestizos, indigenous people, and slaves, from the second half of the 16th century, the population began to grow rapidly.
Who acts: slaves · What happens: form, begin, grow
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bogotá». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 2 | by | by | ADP | _ | 3 Europeans | case |
| 3 | Europeans | European | PROPN | Number=Plur | 1 Formed | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 mestizos | punct |
| 5 | mestizos | mestizo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Europeans | flat |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 people | punct |
| 7 | indigenous | indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 people | amod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mestizos | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 began | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 began | cc |
| 11 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 began | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 half | punct |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 half | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 half | det |
| 15 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 16 half | amod |
| 16 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 11 slaves | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 century | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 century | det |
| 19 | 16th | 16th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 20 century | amod |
| 20 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 half | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 population | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 population | det |
| 23 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 half | conj |
| 24 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Formed | conj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 grow | mark |
| 26 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 began | xcomp |
| 27 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 26 grow | advmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Formed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | participle | by Europeans | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by european=Location | |||||
| 2 | begin | past | slaves from the second half of the 16th century and the population | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | grow | to-infinitive | slaves from the second half of the 16th century and the population not said here | rapidly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bogotá», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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