Bosnia and Herzegovina, sentence 110
From Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Ottomans referred to them as kristianlar while the Orthodox and Catholics were called gebir or kafir, meaning "unbeliever".
Who acts: Ottomans · What happens: refer, call, mean · To what, where: conversions, Orthodox, unbeliever · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bosnia and Herzegovina». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ottomans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Ottomans | det |
| 2 | Ottomans | Ottoman | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 referred | nsubj |
| 3 | referred | refer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 referred | obl |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 kristianlar | case |
| 7 | kristianlar | kristianlar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 referred | obl |
| 8 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 14 called | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Orthodox | det |
| 10 | Orthodox | orthodox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 called | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Catholics | cc |
| 12 | Catholics | Catholic | PROPN | Number=Plur | 10 Orthodox | conj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 called | aux:pass |
| 14 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 referred | advcl |
| 15 | gebir | gebir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 called | xcomp |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 kafir | cc |
| 17 | kafir | kafir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gebir | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 meaning | punct |
| 19 | meaning | mean | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 called | advcl |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 unbeliever | punct |
| 21 | unbeliever | unbeliever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 meaning | obj |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 unbeliever | punct |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 referred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refer | past | the Ottomans | conversions = conversion | as kristianlar | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to they=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | call | past · passive | the Orthodox and Catholics | gebir or kafir xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | mean | gerund | unbeliever | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent unbeliever=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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