Bosnia and Herzegovina, sentence 90
From Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Ottoman Empire had started its conquest of Europe and posed a major threat to the Balkans throughout the first half of the 15th century.
What happens: start, pose · To what, where: Ottoman Empire, major threat, Balkans
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bosnia and Herzegovina». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Empire | det |
| 2 | Ottoman | Ottoman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Empire | compound |
| 3 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 started | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 started | aux |
| 5 | started | start | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 conquest | nmod:poss |
| 7 | conquest | conquest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 started | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Europe | case |
| 9 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 conquest | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 posed | cc |
| 11 | posed | pose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 started | conj |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 threat | det |
| 13 | major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 threat | amod |
| 14 | threat | threat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 posed | obj |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 Balkans | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Balkans | det |
| 17 | Balkans | Balkan | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 threat | nmod |
| 18 | throughout | throughout | ADP | _ | 21 half | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 half | det |
| 20 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 half | amod |
| 21 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 11 posed | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 century | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 century | det |
| 24 | 15th | 15th | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 century | amod |
| 25 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 half | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 started | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past · perfect · passive | the Ottoman Empire | Empire's conquest of Europe obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pose | past | a major threat | the Balkans | throughout the first half of the 15th century | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent threat=Theme to balkan=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bosnia and Herzegovina», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina/90/