Botswana, sentence 276
From Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services.
Who acts: result · What happens: cut, recur, rise · To what, where: Economic development spending, 2002, budget deficits, expenditures, healthcare services
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (result), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 spending | amod |
| 2 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spending | compound |
| 3 | spending | spending | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 cut | aux:pass |
| 5 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 % | case |
| 7 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 % | nummod |
| 8 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 5 cut | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 2002 | case |
| 10 | 2002 | 2002 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 cut | obl |
| 11 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 12 2003 | case |
| 12 | 2003 | 2003 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 2002 | nmod |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 result | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 result | det |
| 15 | result | result | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cut | obl |
| 16 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 17 recurring | mark |
| 17 | recurring | recur | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 result | acl |
| 18 | budget | budget | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 deficits | compound |
| 19 | deficits | deficit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 recurring | obj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 rising | cc |
| 21 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 recurring | conj |
| 22 | expenditures | expenditure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rising | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 services | case |
| 24 | healthcare | healthcare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 services | compound |
| 25 | services | service | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 rising | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut | past · passive | Economic development spending | 2002 – 2003 | as a result | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||
| 2 | recur | gerund | a result not said here | budget deficits | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | rise | gerund | a result not said here | expenditures | healthcare services | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location expenditure=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/276/