Botswana, sentence 343
From Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The National Policy on Research, Science, Technology and Innovation (2011) sets the target of raising gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D) from 0.26% of GDP in 2012 to over 2% of GDP by 2016.
Who acts: National Policy, target · What happens: set, raise · To what, where: target, gross domestic expenditure, research
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (National Policy, target), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Policy | det |
| 2 | National | National | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Policy | amod |
| 3 | Policy | policy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sets | nsubj |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 Research | case |
| 5 | Research | research | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Policy | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Science | punct |
| 7 | Science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Policy | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Technology | punct |
| 9 | Technology | technology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 Policy | conj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Innovation | cc |
| 11 | Innovation | Innovation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Technology | conj |
| 12 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 2011 | punct |
| 13 | 2011 | 2011 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 Innovation | appos |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 Technology | punct |
| 15 | sets | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 target | det |
| 17 | target | target | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 sets | obj |
| 18 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 19 raising | mark |
| 19 | raising | raise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 target | acl |
| 20 | gross | gross | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 expenditure | amod |
| 21 | domestic | domestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 expenditure | amod |
| 22 | expenditure | expenditure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 raising | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 research | case |
| 24 | research | research | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 expenditure | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 development | cc |
| 26 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 expenditure | conj |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 28 R | punct |
| 28 | R | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 development | appos |
| 29 | & | & | CCONJ | _ | 30 D | cc |
| 30 | D | D | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 R | conj |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 28 R | punct |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 % | case |
| 33 | 0.26 | 0.26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 % | nummod |
| 34 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 19 raising | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 GDP | case |
| 36 | GDP | GDP | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 % | nmod |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 2012 | case |
| 38 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 % | nmod |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 % | case |
| 40 | over | over | ADV | _ | 41 2 | advmod |
| 41 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 % | nummod |
| 42 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 19 raising | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 GDP | case |
| 44 | GDP | GDP | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 % | nmod |
| 45 | by | by | ADP | _ | 46 2016 | case |
| 46 | 2016 | 2016 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 % | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 sets | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | set | present | the National Policy on Research and Science and Technology and Innovation | the target | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient target=Result | ||||
| 2 | raise | gerund | the target not said here | gross domestic expenditure and development | research | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent expenditure=Theme from %=Destination to %=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/343/