Botswana, sentence 53
From Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Although the Bangwaketse were able to defeat the invading Bakololo in 1826, over time all the major chiefdoms in Botswana were attacked, weakened and impoverished.
Who acts: time · What happens: be, defeat, invade, attack, weaken, impoverish · To what, where: invading Bakololo, 1826, major chiefdoms
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Botswana». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 3 Bangwaketse | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Bangwaketse | det |
| 3 | Bangwaketse | Bangwaketse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 able | obl |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 able | cop |
| 5 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 defeat | mark |
| 7 | defeat | defeat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 able | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Bakololo | det |
| 9 | invading | invade | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 Bakololo | amod |
| 10 | Bakololo | Bakololo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 defeat | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 1826 | case |
| 12 | 1826 | 1826 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 defeat | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 time | punct |
| 14 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 time | case |
| 15 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 defeat | obl:unmarked |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 chiefdoms | det:predet |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 chiefdoms | det |
| 18 | major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 chiefdoms | amod |
| 19 | chiefdoms | chiefdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 attacked | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 Botswana | case |
| 21 | Botswana | Botswana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 chiefdoms | nmod |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 attacked | aux:pass |
| 23 | attacked | attack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 time | acl:relcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 weakened | punct |
| 25 | weakened | weaken | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 attacked | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 impoverished | cc |
| 27 | impoverished | impoverish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 weakened | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 able | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | although the Bangwaketse; able property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | defeat | to-infinitive | the invading Bakololo | 1826 | time | tree rules | |||
| 3 | invade | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | attack | past · passive | time not said here | all major chiefdoms in Botswana | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | weaken | participle | time not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | impoverish | participle | time not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Botswana», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Botswana/53/