Bratislava, sentence 156

From Wikipedia, «Bratislava», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The cityscape of Bratislava is characterized by medieval towers and grandiose 20th-century buildings, but it underwent profound changes in a construction boom at the start of the 21st century.

Who acts: cityscape · What happens: characterize, change, start · To what, where: cityscape, construction boom, 21st century

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bratislava». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cityscape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cityscape	det
2	cityscape	cityscape	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 characterized	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Bratislava	case
4	Bratislava	Bratislava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 cityscape	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 characterized	aux:pass
6	characterized	characterize	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 towers	case
8	medieval	medieval	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 towers	amod
9	towers	tower	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 characterized	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 buildings	cc
11	grandiose	grandiose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 buildings	amod
12	20th	20th	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	14 century	amod
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 20th	punct
14	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 buildings	compound
15	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 towers	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 changes	punct
17	but	but	CCONJ	_	21 changes	cc
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 changes	nsubj
19	underwent	underwent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 changes	amod
20	profound	profound	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 changes	amod
21	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 characterized	conj
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 boom	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 boom	det
24	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 boom	compound
25	boom	boom	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 changes	nmod
26	at	at	ADP	_	28 start	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 start	det
28	start	start	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 changes	nmod
29	of	of	ADP	_	32 century	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 century	det
31	21st	21st	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord	32 century	amod
32	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 start	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 characterized	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	characterize	present · passive		the cityscape of Bratislava		by medieval towers and grandiose century buildings	vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme
2	change		cityscape		a construction boom	at the start of the 21st century	tree rules
3	start			the 21st century			nom start «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bratislava», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Bratislava, sentence 156

The tree

Pragmatics

Bratislava, sentence 156