Bucharest, sentence 368
From Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Since the fall of communism in 1989, several communist-era buildings have been refurbished, modernised, and used for other purposes.
What happens: refurbish, modernis, use · To what, where: several era buildings
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bucharest». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 3 fall | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 fall | det |
| 3 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 refurbished | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 communism | case |
| 5 | communism | communism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fall | nmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 1989 | case |
| 7 | 1989 | 1989 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 communism | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 fall | punct |
| 9 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 buildings | amod |
| 10 | communist | communist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 era | amod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 communist | punct |
| 12 | era | era | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 buildings | compound |
| 13 | buildings | building | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 refurbished | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 refurbished | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 refurbished | aux:pass |
| 16 | refurbished | refurbish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 modernised | punct |
| 18 | modernised | modernis | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 refurbished | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 used | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 used | cc |
| 21 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 refurbished | conj |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 purposes | case |
| 23 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 purposes | amod |
| 24 | purposes | purpose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 used | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 refurbished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refurbish | present · perfect · passive | several era buildings | since the fall of communism in 1989 | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | modernis | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | use | participle | for other purposes | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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