Bucharest, sentence 392
From Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Also, in recent years, the city has had increasing numbers of foreign students enrolling in its universities.
Who acts: city, foreign students · What happens: have, increase, enrol · To what, where: numbers, universities
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bucharest». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, foreign students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Also | also | ADV | _ | 10 had | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Also | punct |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 years | case |
| 4 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 years | amod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 had | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 years | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 city | det |
| 8 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 had | nsubj |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 had | aux |
| 10 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 11 | increasing | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 had | xcomp |
| 12 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 increasing | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 students | case |
| 14 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 students | amod |
| 15 | students | student | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 numbers | nmod |
| 16 | enrolling | enrol | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 students | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 universities | case |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 universities | nmod:poss |
| 19 | universities | university | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 enrolling | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present · perfect | the city | year | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | increase | gerund | the city not said here | numbers of foreign students | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer number=Patient | ||||
| 3 | enrol | gerund | foreign students not said here | number's universities | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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