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Bucharest, sentence 59

From Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

During Nicolae Ceaușescu's leadership (1965–89), a part of the historic city was demolished and replaced by 'Socialist realism' style development: (1) the Centrul Civic (the Civic Centre) and (2) the Palace of the Parliament, for which an entire historic quarter was razed to make way for Ceaușescu's megalomaniac plans.

Who acts: Ceaușescu · What happens: demolish, replace, raze, make, plan · To what, where: part, entire historic quarter, way

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bucharest». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ceaușescu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

casenmod:possflatcaseoblpunctapposcasenmodpunctpunctdetnsubj:passcasedetamodnmodaux:passccconjcasepunctcompoundnsubjpunctcompoundoblpunctpunctdiscoursepunctdetcompoundoblpunctdetamodappospunctccpunctdiscoursepunctdetconjcasedetnmodpunctcaseobldetamodamodnsubj:passaux:passacl:relclmarkadvclobjcasenmod:posscasecompoundoblpunctrootDuringADPNicolaePROPNCeaușescuPROPN'sPARTleadershipNOUN(PUNCT1965NUM–SYM89NUM)PUNCT,PUNCTaDETpartNOUNofADPtheDEThistoricADJcityNOUNwasAUXdemolishedVERBandCCONJreplacedVERBbyADP'PUNCTSocialistNOUNrealismNOUN'PUNCTstyleNOUNdevelopmentNOUN:PUNCT(PUNCT1NUM)PUNCTtheDETCentrulPROPNCivicPROPN(PUNCTtheDETCivicADJCentrePROPN)PUNCTandCCONJ(PUNCT2NUM)PUNCTtheDETPalacePROPNofADPtheDETParliamentPROPN,PUNCTforADPwhichPRONanDETentireADJhistoricADJquarterNOUNwasAUXrazedVERBtoPARTmakeVERBwayNOUNforADPCeaușescuPROPN'sPARTmegalomaniacNOUNplansNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1DuringduringADP_5 leadershipcase
2NicolaeNicolaePROPNNumber=Sing5 leadershipnmod:poss
3CeaușescuCeaușescuPROPNNumber=Sing2 Nicolaeflat
4's'sPART_2 Nicolaecase
5leadershipleadershipNOUNNumber=Sing19 demolishedobl
6((PUNCT_7 1965punct
719651965NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card5 leadershipappos
8––SYMExtPos=ADP9 89case
98989NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card7 1965nmod
10))PUNCT_7 1965punct
11,,PUNCT_5 leadershippunct
12aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art13 partdet
13partpartNOUNNumber=Sing19 demolishednsubj:pass
14ofofADP_17 citycase
15thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 citydet
16historichistoricADJDegree=Pos17 cityamod
17citycityNOUNNumber=Sing13 partnmod
18wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin19 demolishedaux:pass
19demolisheddemolishVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
20andandCCONJ_21 replacedcc
21replacedreplaceVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass19 demolishedconj
22bybyADP_28 developmentcase
23''PUNCT_28 developmentpunct
24SocialistsocialistNOUNNumber=Sing25 realismcompound
25realismrealismNOUNNumber=Sing28 developmentnsubj
26''PUNCT_28 developmentpunct
27stylestyleNOUNNumber=Sing28 developmentcompound
28developmentdevelopmentNOUNNumber=Sing21 replacedobl
29::PUNCT_35 Civicpunct
30((PUNCT_31 1punct
3111NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card35 Civicdiscourse
32))PUNCT_31 1punct
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 Civicdet
34CentrulCentrulPROPNNumber=Sing35 Civiccompound
35CivicCivicPROPNNumber=Sing19 demolishedobl
36((PUNCT_39 Centrepunct
37thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art39 Centredet
38CiviccivicADJDegree=Pos39 Centreamod
39CentreCentrePROPNNumber=Sing35 Civicappos
40))PUNCT_39 Centrepunct
41andandCCONJ_46 Palacecc
42((PUNCT_43 2punct
4322NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card46 Palacediscourse
44))PUNCT_43 2punct
45thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art46 Palacedet
46PalacePalacePROPNNumber=Sing35 Civicconj
47ofofADP_49 Parliamentcase
48thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 Parliamentdet
49ParliamentParliamentPROPNNumber=Sing46 Palacenmod
50,,PUNCT_58 razedpunct
51forforADP_52 whichcase
52whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel58 razedobl
53anaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art56 quarterdet
54entireentireADJDegree=Pos56 quarteramod
55historichistoricADJDegree=Pos56 quarteramod
56quarterquarterNOUNNumber=Sing58 razednsubj:pass
57wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin58 razedaux:pass
58razedrazeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass35 Civicacl:relcl
59totoPART_60 makemark
60makemakeVERBVerbForm=Inf58 razedadvcl
61waywayNOUNNumber=Sing60 makeobj
62forforADP_66 planscase
63CeaușescuCeaușescuPROPNNumber=Sing66 plansnmod:poss
64's'sPART_63 Ceaușescucase
65megalomaniacmegalomaniacNOUNNumber=Sing66 planscompound
66plansplanNOUNNumber=Plur60 makeobl
67..PUNCT_19 demolishedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1demolishpast · passivea part of the historic cityduring Nicolae's leadershipthe Centrul Civic and the Palace of the Parliament oblvn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2replaceparticipleby style development Socialist realismvn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme
3razepast · passivea entire historic quarterfor the Centrul Civic and the Palace of the Parliamentvn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4maketo-infinitivewayfor Ceaușescu's megalomaniac plansvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent way=Product for plan=Asset
5planCeaușescunom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bucharest», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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