Bulgaria, sentence 176
From Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Particulate levels are the highest in Europe, especially in urban areas affected by automobile traffic and coal-based power stations.
Who acts: Particulate levels · What happens: be, affect, base · To what, where: Europe, urban areas
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Particulate levels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Particulate | particulate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 levels | compound |
| 2 | levels | level | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 highest | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 highest | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 highest | det |
| 5 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 Europe | case |
| 7 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 highest | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 areas | punct |
| 9 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 12 areas | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 areas | case |
| 11 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 areas | amod |
| 12 | areas | area | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 highest | parataxis |
| 13 | affected | affect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 areas | acl |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 traffic | case |
| 15 | automobile | automobile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 traffic | compound |
| 16 | traffic | traffic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 affected | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 stations | cc |
| 18 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 based | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 coal | punct |
| 20 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 stations | amod |
| 21 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stations | compound |
| 22 | stations | station | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 traffic | conj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 highest | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Particulate levels | Europe | urban areas parataxis; high property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | affect | participle | urban areas not said here | by automobile traffic and based power stations | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | base | participle | coal compound | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bulgaria/176/