Bulgaria, sentence 369
From Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
It has had negative population growth since 1989, when the post-Cold War economic collapse caused a long-lasting emigration wave.
Who acts: density, post-Cold · What happens: have, cause · To what, where: negative population growth, lasting emigration wave
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Bulgaria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (density, post-Cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 had | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | aux |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | negative | negative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 growth | amod |
| 5 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 growth | compound |
| 6 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 had | obj |
| 7 | since | since | ADP | _ | 8 1989 | case |
| 8 | 1989 | 1989 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 had | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 caused | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 caused | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 post-Cold | det |
| 12 | post-Cold | post-cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 caused | nsubj |
| 13 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 collapse | compound |
| 14 | economic | economic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 collapse | amod |
| 15 | collapse | collapse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 post-Cold | appos |
| 16 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 had | parataxis |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 wave | det |
| 18 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 lasting | amod |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 long | punct |
| 20 | lasting | lasting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 wave | amod |
| 21 | emigration | emigration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 wave | compound |
| 22 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 caused | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present · perfect | density | negative population growth | since 1989 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent growth=Patient | |||
| 2 | cause | past | the post-Cold | a lasting emigration wave | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition wave=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Bulgaria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Bulgaria/369/